THE DICKENS
ENCYCLOPÆDIA

THE DICKENS ENCYCLOPÆDIA

A

  AARON, MR. The name given by Eugene Wrayburn to Riah, the Jew. (q.v.)

  ACADEMY. The old custom of styling the most insignificant school an academy is exemplified in:—
  1. Mr. Turveydrop's Academy in Newman Street, Oxford Street. No. 26 is probably the original house. Bleak House, 14, 23, 30, 38, 50.
  2. Mr. Cripples's Academy in the neighbourhood of the Marshalsea, probably in Lant Street. Dorrit, I, 9.
  3. Signor Billsmethi's Dancing Academy "in the neighbourhood of Gray's Inn Lane," where Augustus Cooper met his misadventure. Boz, Characters, 9.

  ADAM AND EVE COURT. A small court on the N. side of Oxford Street, next to Wells Street, and the residence of Mr. Sluffen. Boz, Scenes, 20.

  ADAMS. 1. Head boy at Dr. Strong's school at Canterbury. Copperfield, 16, 18.
  2. Clerk to Mr. Sampson, in the Life Assurance Office. Hunted Down.
  3. An Army captain who acted as second to Lord Frederick Verisopht in his fatal duel with Sir Mulberry Hawk. Nickleby, 50.
  4. Jack, "man with a cast in his eye," the hero of one of Cousin Feenix's anecdotes. Dombey, 36.
  5. Jane, housemaid to the Young Couple and confidential servant to the Old Couple. Sketches of Couples.

  ADELPHI. There have been few changes in the Adelphi since it was built in 1768. It is less residential than of yore, but there is still "the sudden pause to the roar of the great thoroughfare . . . like putting cotton wool in the ears." Here it was that Arthur Clennam saw Miss Wade and Blandois deep in conversation (Dorrit, II, 9), while in the "humble region of the Adelphi" Martin Chuzzlewit found lodgings in a poor public house (Chuzzlewit, 13). It was the residence of Cornelius Brook Dingwall, M.P. (Boz, Tales, Sentiment). Mrs. Edson attempted to commit suicide from the Adelphi Terrace (there was no Embankment in those days) (Lirriper's Lodgings). The main interest in the Adelphi, however, centres round Osborne's Hotel (q.v.) at the corner of John and Adam Streets, where the closing scenes of Pickwick were enacted (Pickwick, 54, 56). In intervals of drudgery at Murdstone and Grinby's little David Copperfield liked to wander about the Adelphi, fascinated by the mystery of its gloomy arches; while at York House, No. 15 Buckingham Street (since demolished), lived Mrs. Crupp with whom he lodged in happier years (Copperfield, 11, 23-6, 28, 34, 35, 37, 40). Dickens himself occupied rooms in this house in 1834.

  ADMIRAL BENBOW INN. The hotel at the empty watering place. Reprinted, Out of the Season.

  ADMIRALTY. One of Mr. Merdle's guests, a Magnate at the Admiralty. Dorrit, I, 21.

  AFFERY. Christian name of Mrs. Flintwinch. (q.v.)

  AFRICAN KNIFE SWALLOWER. A member of the theatrical company, who took the vice-chair at the farewell dinner to the Crummlesos on their departure for America. Nickleby, 48.

  AGED, THE. John Wemmick's pet name for his old father. See Wemmick.

  AGGERAWATOR. 1. This was the old name for the long quiff of hair, curling back from the forehead towards the ear, formerly in fashion among gentry of the coster class. Boz, Characters, 4.
  2. Jerry Cruncher's name for his wife. Two Cities, II, 1.

  AGNES. 1. Maidservant and toady to Mrs. Bloss, who inspired old Tibbs with maudlin affection. Boz, Tales, Boarding House.
  2. David Copperfield's life-long friend and second wife. See Wickfield, Agnes.

  AB SING, GEORGE. Original of Jack Chinaman. (q.v.)

  AKERMAN, MR. This was one of the keepers of Newgate Prison and an exceedingly humane man who had assisted Howard in his visitation of the prison some time previous to the Gordon Riots. Akerman's adventures in the Riots are accurately narrated in Barnaby, 64, 77. Akerman was a friend of James Boswell.

  AKERSHEM, SOPHRONIA. A friend of the Veneerings, who married Alfred Lammle. (q.v.)

  ALBANY, THE. These chambers, situated on the north side of Piccadilly, between Sackville Street and Burlington House, have been occupied by men of fashion since the beginning of the 19th century. According to the Uncommercial Traveller (10) the north wall between the Burlington Arcade and the Albany was the rendezvous of blind beggars. It was one of Mr. Edward Malderton's claims to be a man of fashion that he had actually had an intimate friend who once knew a gentleman who formerly lived in the Albany (Boz, Tales, Sparkins). The Albany was the residence of Fascination Fledgeby and the scene of his richly deserved thrashing at the hands of Lammle. Mutual Friend, III, l, 8.

  ALBION, LITTLE RUSSELL STREET. This popular tavern, where Messrs. Potter and Smithers used to spend their convivial evenings, was a favourite meeting place of actors and one of the centres of Bohemian London until the making of New Oxford Street in 1846. Boz, Characters, 11.

  ALDERSGATE STREET. This thoroughfare was formerly called thus only from St. Martins le Grand to Long Lane, beyond which it became Goswell Street. Arthur Clennam was walking down this street towards St. Paul's when he encountered the crowd escorting Cavaletto to the hospital after he had been knocked down by a Mail Coach (Dorrit, I, 13). During his furtive visits to London, John Jasper put up at a "hybrid hotel, boarding house or lodging house," in a little square at the back of Aldersgate Street (Drood, 23). The firm of Anthony Chuzzlewit and Son had their warehouse in or near this street (Chuzzlewit, 11).

  ALDGATE HIGH STREET formerly ran eastward from the Pump to the corner of Petticoat Lane, now Middlesex Street, where it became Whitechapel High Street. It is memorable as the residence of Mr. Pickwick's inveterate critic, Blotton (Pickwick, I, 11). The Gentleman in Small Clothes had information that the Statue from Charing Cross had been seen arm in arm with the Pump (Nickleby, 41). Poor Toots, frantic at the open lovemaking going on between Walter Gay and Florence Dombey, took a walk from Leadenhall Street to the Pump and back to cool himself (Dombey, 66). In earlier days Mark Gilbert's master, Thomas Curzon, was a hosier, at the sign of the Golden Fleece, Aldgate (Barnaby, 8).

  ALICE. 1. The bowyer's daughter and heroine of Magog's tale. Humphrey.
  2. Youngest of the Five Sisters of York. Nickleby, 6.

  ALICIA. Heroine of Miss Alice Rainbird's story. Holiday Romance.

  ALICK. "A damp, earthy child in red worsted socks," encountered in the Gravesend steam packet. Boz, Scenes, 10.

  ALICUMPANE, MRS. A friend of the Oranges. Holiday Romance.

  ALLEN. Arabella Allen was a "black-eyed young lady in a very nice little pair of boots with fur round the tops," who was a guest at Isabella Wardle's wedding and at the Christmas party which followed, when she and Mr. Winkle fell in love with one another. Her brother sent her to their aunt at Clifton, and while staying there she had an interview with Winkle, chaperoned by Mr. Pickwick. A few months later the couple were secretly married, and it was partly through her entreaty that he would break the news to old Mr. Winkle that Mr. Pickwick consented to quit the Fleet prison. Her own winsome waye, however, really won the old man's forgiveness. Pickwick, 28, 30, 38, 39, 47, 53, 64, 56, 57.
  Benjamin Allen, her brother, was a drunken medical student and bosom friend of Bob Sawyer, whom he intended that Arabella should marry.
  While assisting Bob at the chemist's shop at Bristol he heard of his sister's marriage to Winkle, but being reconciled to the event by Mr. Pickwick, accompanied that gentleman on his mission to Birmingham. Eventually Ben Allen and Bob Sawyer went to Bengal, tried abstinence and prospered (Pickwick, 30, 32, 38, 48, 50-2, 54, 57). The Allens' Aunt was a rather prim old lady, living at Clifton, to whom Ben sent his sister when he found that she did not favour the idea of becoming Mrs. Bob Sawyer. Pickwick, 38, 39, 48.

  "ALLEYBI." It was Mr. Tony Weller's firm conviction that the verdict would never have gone against Mr. Pickwick if only he head proved an "alleybi." Pickwick, 33, 43.

  ALLEY TOR. This was an extra fine or large marble, possibly originally made of alabaster, hence the name. It was in contrast to the "commoney" or plain marble. Pickwick, 34.

  "ALL IN THE DOWNS." From Gay's "Black-Eyed Susan," beginning, "All in the Downs the fleet was moored." Pickwick, 3.

  "ALL ROUND MY HAT." This song was first sung by W. H. Williams in 1835 and attained extraordinary popularity; "round my hat" developing into a catch phrase as used in Boz, Scenes, 23, which was current until the late 60's. The song, which is supposed to be sung by a coster whose sweetheart has been transported for thieving, has a chorus:—

  "ALL'S WELL." The refrain, with a roll, from a song in Dibdin's "The English Fleet," set to music by Braham. See also "Deserted by the waning Moon." Curiosity Shop, 56.

  "ALONG THE LINE." From the first verse of "The Death of Nelson." Mutual Friend, IV, 3.

  ALPHONSE. Mrs. Wittitterley's page, "if ever an Alphonse carried plain Bill in his face and figure, that page was the boy." Nickleby, 21, 28, 33.

  ALTRO. Name given by Pancks to Cavaletto (q.v.). It is an Italian word used with a somewhat general sense of affirmation, "certainly," "by all means," and was much in the mouth of the little Italian exile.

  AMELIA. l. The wife of Bill, a criminal whose defence had been undertaken by Mr. Jaggers. Expectations, 20.
  2. A girl who helped her sister Jane to preside over a game of chance in the Ramsgate Library. Boz, Tales, Tuggs.

  AMERICA JUNIOR. Nom de plume of Putnam Smif. (q.v.)

  AMERICA SQUARE. This is situated behind Fenchurch Street Station. In it were the offices of Dringworth Brothers. Message from Sea.

  AMIENS. One of the French towns where Our Missis found to her disgust that the railways refreshment rooms were conducted efficiently. Mugby Junction.

  AMSTERDAM. After the crash, financially and actually, of the house of Clennam, Jeremiah Flintwinch took refuge in Holland and was known in the drinking shops of Amsterdam as Mynheer van Flyntevynge. Dorrit, II, 31.

  ANALYTICAL CHEMIST, THE. The Veneerings' butler who went round at dinner "like a gloomy analytical chemist, always seeming to say after 'Chablis, Sir?' — 'You wouldn't if you knew what it's made of.'" Mutual Friend, I, 2, 10, 17; II, 3, 16; III, 17.

  ANDERSON, JOHN. A tramp encountered in the country bearing a spade on which was chalked the word HUNGRY. Uncommercial, 11.

  "AND YOU NEEDN'T BE YOUR BLACK BOTTLE." This is a truly Weggian version of the last verse of Auld Lang Syne:–

  ANGEL INN. 1. At Bury St. Edmunds. Few changes have taken place in the appearance of this inn since Mr. Pickwick and Sam Weller arrived here in their search for Jingle. Here it was that Sam first met Job Trotter, the "melan-cholly chap with the black hair," and in its parlour Mr. Pickwick received the letter from Dodson and Fogg intimating that Mrs. Bardell was sueing him for breach of promise (Pickwick, 15-18). Dickens stayed at the Angel while reporting the Parliamentary election of 1835, and is said to have occupied Room No. 11.
  2. The famous Islington tavern, at the corner of Pentonville Road and High Street, was one of the old posting and coaching inns. The premises were rebuilt in 1880 and much altered in more recent years when it became one of Messrs. J. Lyons's establishments. Oliver Twist and Jack Dawkins passed the Angel when they entered London. Mr. Brownlow drove Oliver to his home in Pentonville by way of the inn, and later Noah Claypole and Charlotte passed it when making their way to the City. Twist, 8, 12, 42.

  ANGELICA. An old sweetheart of the Traveller with whom he took shelter from a shower in a church in Huggin Lane. Uncommercial, 9.

  ANGLERS' INN. The river-side tavern where Eugene Wrayburn put up when seeking Lizzie Hexam. She carried him thither after Headstone's murderous attack; and there they were eventually married. It has been identified as the Red Lion Hotel, Henley-on-Thames. Mutual Friend, IV, 6, 10, 11.

  ANGLO-BENGALEE DISINTERESTED LIFE AND LOAN ASSURANCE COMPANY. The bogus concern engineered by Tigg Montague and David Crimple, with a paid-up capital of "a two and as many noughts after it as the printer can get in the line." The Anglo-Bengalee was typical of the many fraudulent companies which robbed the public before the introduction of adequate legislation. Chuzzlewit, 27, 38, 41, 44, 49.

  ANKWORKS PACKAGE. Mrs. Gamp's rendering of the Antwerp Packet. Chuzzlewit, 40.

  ANNE. 1. One of Mr. Dombey's housemaids who married Towlinson, the butler. Dombey, 31, 35, 39.
  2. A friend of Jane Adams and housemaid at "No. 26." Sketches of Couples.

  ANNUAL REGISTER. "This is the Annual Register, Wegg, in a cabful of wollumes. Do you know him?" "Know the Animal Register, Sir?" returned the Impostor, who had caught the name imperfectly. "For a trifling wager, I think I could find any Animal in him, blindfold, Mr. Boffin." The Annual Register is a yearly review of public events at home and abroad. It first appeared, published by Dodsley, in 1758 and came into the hands of Messrs. Longmans in 1890. Mutual Friend, III, 6.

  ANNY. An old pauper woman who was instrumental in unravelling the mystery of Oliver Twist's parentage. Twist, 24, 51.

  ANTONIO. A swarthy Spanish youth who played the guitar in Megisson's lodging house. Uncommercial, 5.

  ANTWERP. Jeremiah Flintwinch's twin brother Ephraim was waiting for the tide to go to Antwerp when he was entrusted with the iron box containing the papers com promising Mrs. Clennam (Dorrit, II, 30). It was to a fifth floor, up a narrow back street in Antwerp, that Nickits, the former owner of Josiah Bounderby's country estate, retired after his bankruptcy. Hard Times, II, 7.

  APOTHECARY. In the early nineteenth century the apothecary was not only a chemist, but also acted as a medical man, being called in to attend the poor or practising in country places where better advice was unobtainable. Among such were:–
  1. The calm apothecary who was summoned to attend little Paul Dombey at Dr. Blimber's. Dombey, 14.
  2. The attendant at the deathbed of Nicholas Nickleby, Senior. Nickleby, 1.
  3. The apothecary's apprentice who attended the workhouse when old Sally died. Twist, 24.

  APPARITOR. The officer of the Court of Arches. Boz, Scenes, 8.

  APPRENTICE, THE BONY. A thinlegged lad who was serving his time with old Lobbs, the sadler. Pickwick, 17.

  ARABIN, SERGEANT. Original of Sergeant Snubbin. (q.v.)

  "ARAB STEED." Dick Swiveller was singing T. H. Bayley's song:–

  ARCHBISHOP OF GREENWICH. Waiter at the inn where Rokesmith and Bella Wilfer celebrated their wedding breakfast. "A solemn gentleman who looked more like a clergyman than the clergyman, and seemed to have mounted a great deal higher in the Church: not to say scaled the steeple." Mutual Friend, IV, 4.

  ARTFUL DODGER, THE. Nickname of Jack Dawkins, the young pickpocket. See Dawkins.

  ARTHUR. Surname adopted by Arthur Havisham. (q.v.)

  ASHES. Name of one of Miss Flite's captive birds. Bleak House, 14.

  ASHFORD, NETTIE. A young lady "aged half-past six," the bride of William Tinkling. She wrote the romance of Mrs. Orange and Mrs. Alicumpane. Holiday Romance.

  ASSEMBLY. In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries the inconvenience of travel made social intercourse in country parts a matter of difficulty. The country gentry and well-to-do farmers accordingly met at stated times in a fairly central town and held an Assembly, where they danced, played cards, exchanged gossip and made their matches. These Assemblies were usually held in the principal inn of the town, where a large apartment was set aside as an Assembly room.

  ASTLEY'S. This famous place of amusement, of which the full name was Astley's Royal Equestrian Amphitheatre, was in the Westminster Bridge Road, at the corner of Lambeth Palace Road, and was several times rebuilt after damage by fire, on the last occasion being re-opened by William Batty, on Easter Monday, 1843. The performances consisted of melodramatic spectacles in which a stud of horses was introduced, some of them singly, with riders, others harnessed to carriages or chariots, while realistic battle scenes were much in vogue. The prices were low — from 4s. to 6d. — and Astley's was one of the most popular entertainments of old London. A vivid description is given in Boz, Scenes, 11. Kit Nubbles took his mother and little Jacob, with Barbara and her mother to Astley's to celebrate the receipt of his first quarter's wages, and after he had married Barbara, took the whole family party there every quarter (Curiosity Shop, 30, 72). After one of his visits to Grandfather Smallweed, Mr. George raised his spirits by a visit to the equestrian show, being much edified to see the Emperor of Tartary get into a cart and bless the united lovers by hovering over them with the Union Jack. Bleak House, 21.

  ASTLEY-COOPERISH. A reference to Sir Astley Cooper (1768-1841), who was one of the most skilful surgeons of his time. He was noted for the vivacity and humour of the remarks he addressed to his patients while operating, for there were no anæsthetics in those days. Boz, Tales, Excursion.

  ATHERFIELD, MRS. A passenger on the Golden Mary, who, with her only child Lucy, was put in the long boat when the vessel foundered. Lucy, who died of exposure, was probably founded on Lucy Stroughill, a friend of Dickens's childhood. Golden Mary.

  ATKINSON'S. The famous perfumer in Bond Street. Uncommercial, 16.

  ATTORNEY-GENERAL. Prosecuting counsel against Charles Darnay when he was tried for treason at the Old Bailey. Two Cities, II, 2, 3.

  AUNT, MR. F'S. A crazy old lady who lived with Flora Finching. "Her major characteristics were extreme severity and grim taciturnity, sometimes interrupted by a propensity to offer remarks in a deep warning voice, which, being totally uncalled for by anything said by anybody, and traceable to no association of ideas, confounded and terrified the mind." The most famous and baffling of her sayings was, "There's milestone on the Dover road." Dorrit, I, 13, 23, 24, 35 ; II, 9, 34.

  AUSTIN FRIARS. A winding street, leading from Throgmorton Street, where lived old Martin Chuzzlewit's solicitor, Mr. Fips. Chuzzlewit, 39.

  AUSTRALIA. In the times of the Dickens novels colonization was beginning in Australia and New South Wales was still a penal settlement. It was thither that Abel Magwitch was transported (Expectations, 40), as was also Mr. Pratchett (Somebody's Luggage, 1). Captain Cuttle wished it to be supposed by Mrs. MacStinger that he had emigrated there (Dombey, 25). Its chief interest lies in associatian with Daniel Peggotty and the Micawbers, for whom something really did turn up in that colony. Copperfield, 57, 63.

  AVENGER, THE. Name given to Pip's servant, Pepper, who proved an avenging phantom and harassed his master's existence. Expectations, 27, 30, 34.

  AVIGNON. This French city, situated some fifty miles N.W. of Marseilles, was the country of Hortense, the murderess of Mr. Tulkinghorn (Bleak House, 12). After his discharge from the dungeon at Marseilles, Cavaletto made his way to Avignon, where he did odds and ends of work (Dorrit, I, 11), and it was nearby that Captain Richard Doubledick lived for six months while recovering from his Waterloo wounds (7 Poor Travellers).

  "AWAY WITH MELANCHOLY." This is a song set to an air from Mozart's "Magic Flute." The words, as quoted by Eugene Wrayburn, are:–

  AYRESLEIGH. A haggard debtor whom Mr. Pickwick met in Namby's sponging house. Pickwick, 40.

B

  B., MASTER. Former occupant of one of the rooms in the Poplars. He appears in this short story as the ghost of the narrator's long dead youth. The Haunted House.

  BABLEY, RICHARD. The full name of Miss Trotwood's protégé, Mr. Dick. (q.v.)

  BACHELOR, THE. A kindly old gentleman who lived in the parsonage house in the village where Little Kell and her Grandfather finally came to rest after their wanderings. He was a brother of Mr. Garland, and had passed many years with his old college friend the Clergyman. It was through a letter from the Bachelor to Mr. Garland that the wandering couple's whereabouts was discovered. Curiosity Shop, 52-5, 68, 69, 73.

  BADAJOZ, where Major Taunton received his mortal wound, was besieged by the British, March-April, 1812, and fell, after a bloody assault, on the 6th of the latter month. Seven Poor Travellers.

  BADGER, BAYHAM. A cousin of Mr. Kenge and a physician with a good practice at Chelsea, to whom Richard Carstone was sent to study medicine. He admired his wife exceedingly, "principally on the curious ground of her having had three husbands." The chief topics of conversation with this curiously complacent couple were Mrs. Badger's previous husbands, Captain Swosser of the Royal Navy, and Professor Dingo. Bleak House, 13, 17, 30, 60.

  BAGMAN. This was the old name for a commercial traveller. The original "commercial" proceeded from town to town on horseback, his samples packed in capacious saddlebags. In later times he would drive his own gig or dog-cart, often a very smart vehicle drawn by a very smart nag.

  BAGMAN, THE. A loquacious commercial traveller staying at the Peacock, Eatanswill, where he told the story of Tom Smart. He reappeared in the travellers' room of the Bush Inn, Bristol, where he related the tale of The Bagman's Uncle. Pickwick, 14, 48, 49.

  BAGNET, MATTHEW, was an ex-artillery man and friend of Mr. George, who played the bassoon in the theatre and kept a musical instrument shop near the Elephant and Castle. He stood security for the bill of George's which had fallen into the hands of Grandfather Smallweed. An honest old soldier, with a stolid face which had won him the nickname of Lignum Vitæ, he left the management of everything to his wife — "She has the head, but I don't own to it before her. Discipline must be maintained; whatever the girl says, do — do it."
  Mrs. Bagnet, his wife, was "a strong, busy, active, honest-faced woman of from forty-five to fifty." According to Mr. George, "I never saw her, except on a baggage wagon, when she wasn't washing greens." She had seen service with her husband in all parts of the world and had once made her way home from a distant quarter of the globe with nothing but a grey cloak and an umbrella. "The old girl," said her husband, "is like a thoroughly fine day. Gets finer as she gets on."
  The three Bagnet children were known as Woolwich, Quebec and Malta from the places where the family was stationed when they were born. Bleak House, 27, 34, 49, 52, 60.

  BAGNIGGE WELLS. This was an old London pleasure resort in what is now King's Cross Road. It was almost opposite where the Clerkenwell Police Court now stands. The wells were closed in 1841. Boz, Char., 1.

  BAGSTOCK, MAJOR JOSEPH. A retired soldier who occupied lodgings in Princess's Place, opposite Miss Tox. He "found an immense fund of satisfaction in little jocularities of which old Joe Bagstock, Old Joey Bagstock, Old J. Bagstock, Joey B. and the like, was the perpetual theme; it being, as it were, the Major's stronghold of light humour to be on the most familiar terms with his own name." The essence of selfish ambition, he wormed his way into Mr. Dombey's friendship, was his companion at Leamington where he introduced the city merchant to Edith Granger, accompanied him abroad in the search for Carker, and was among the first to desert him when the crash came. His favourite expression was, "Old Joe is tough, Sir, tough and devilish sly." The Major kept an Indian servant, known as the Native, upon whom he vented his anger when stricken by gout or crossed in his designs. Dombey, 7, 10, 20, 21, 26, 27, 29, 31, 30, 40, 51, 58, 59.

  BAILEY, CAPTAIN. A friend of David Copperfield's first love, the eldest Miss Larkins. Copperfield, 18.

  BAILEY, JUNIOR. "A small boy with a large red head and no nose to speak of," who first appeared as bootboy at Todgers's. His real name was supposed to be Benjamin, but among the commercial gentlemen he was known by a variety of names, but principally as Bailey, Junior, in contradistinction to the Old Bailey. He was a good specimen of the Cockney lad, with his gutter wit and repartee. When he left Todgers's he became "tiger" or groom to Tigg Montague, and was nearly killed in the carriage accident which occurred on the fatal visit to Salisbury. He was eventually taken into partnership by his friend and admirer, Poll Sweedlepipe, the barber. Chuzzlewit, 8, 9, 11, 26-9, 32, 38, 41, 42, 49, 52.

  BAILLIE. A friend of the Bagman's Uncle, "Baillie Mac something and four syllables after it." Pickwick, 49.

  BAINES, OF LEEDS, MR. Sir Edward Baines (1800-90) was the editor of the Leeds Mercury and a prominent Dissenter. He was a staunch advocate of total abstinence, and well known as an educational philanthropist. He was M.P. for Leeds from 1859 to 1874 and was an active liberal. He was knighted in 1881. Reprinted, Out of the Season.

  BAKER'S TRAP. A swing bridge over "some dark locks and some dirty water." It was a favourite spot for suicides, hence its name, Mr. Baker being the local coroner who investigated the tragedies. The original of Baker's Trap was the bridge in Old Gravel Lane, leading from Ratcliff Highway to Wapping High Street. Uncommercial, 3.

  BALDERSTONE, THOMAS. Brother of Mrs. Gattleton and commonly called Uncle Tom. He prided himself on remembering the lines of all the principal plays of Shakespeare from beginning to end, and Mrs. Joseph Porter meanly took advantage of this knowledge to bring to grief the Gattleton's representation of Othello. Boz, Tales, Porter.

  BALDWIN, ROBERT. One of the characters in the Wonderful Museum whose will created a surprise among his children. Mutual Friend, III, 6.

  BALIM. The young ladies' Young Gentleman. Sketches of Gentlemen.

  BALLS POND. A district of Kingsland, North London, and situated at the upper end of Essex Road, which was formerly known as Lower Road. Balls Pond was practically in the fields in the 40's and 60's. Mr. and Mrs. Theodosius Butler settled there, in a small cottage situated in the immediate vicinity of a brickfield (Boz, Tales, Sentiment), and it was the home of Mr. and Mrs. Perch, with their ever-increasing family. Dombey, 18.

  BAMBER, JACK. An old attorney's clerk whom Mr. Pickwick met at the Magpie and Stump. According to Lowten he was never heard to talk of anything but the Inns of Court and had lived alone in them until he was half crazy. He related various stories of these Inns and eventually told the Tale of the Queer Client. Pickwick, 20, 21.
  Jack Bamber reappears in Humphrey, where Mr. Pickwick obtains permission to introduce him to the company.

  BANDOLINE. This was a sticky, scented preparation applied to the hair to make it glossy and retain its curls. "You should see our Bandolining room at Mugby Junction. It is led to by the door behind the counter, which you will notice usually stands ajar, and it's the room where Our Misse and our young ladies bandolines their hair. You should see 'em at it, betwixt trains, Bandolining away, as if they was anointing themselves for the combat." Mugby Junction.

  BANGER, CAPTAIN. A member of Our Vestry and a resident of Wilderness Walk, who maintained that only one pint of water per diem for every adult of the lower classes was necessary for purposes of ablution and refreshment. Reprinted, Our Vestry.

  BANGHAM, MRS. Charwoman and messenger in the Marshalsea Prison, who attended Mrs. Dorrit in her confinement. Dorrit, I, 6, 7, 14; II, 19.

  BANJO BONES. A professional entertainer. See Bones, Banjo.

  BANK OF ENGLAND. The present building is the work of Sir John Soane, appointed architect in 1788. He incorporated in it the old offices which the Gordon Rioters, led by Hugh, vainly attacked in 1780 (Barnaby, 67). An omnibus ride from the top of Oxford Street to the Bank is described in Boz, Scenes, 16. Mr. Charles Cheeryble and Nicholas alighted from their omnibus at the Bank, when the latter was being taken to the business for the first time (Nickleby, 36). It was in one of the "grave, old-fashioned city streets, lying not far from the Bank of England by London Wall" that Clennam and Daniel Doyce lived (Dorrit, I, 26). Every Wednesday evening Mr. Morfin resorted to "a clubroom hard by the Bank, where quartettes of the most tormenting and excruciating nature were executed" (Dombey, 13). During his night prowls the Uncommercial Traveller (13) would make a circuit of the Bank, giving a thought to the treasure within.

  BANKS, MAJOR. The name adopted by Meltham when, disguised as a crippled old East India Director, he succeeded in rescuing Margaret Niner from the murderous clutches of Julius Slinkton. Reprinted, Hunted Down.

  BANTAM, ANGELO CYRUS. Master of Ceremonies at Bath, "a charming young man of not much more than fifty," and altogether a sumptuously dressed creature. He carried "a pliant ebony cane with a heavy gold top"; one of the few cases where Dickens was caught napping, as ebony is not a pliant wood. The original of Bantam's house was No. 12 Queen's Square, Bath. Pickwick, 35, 37.

  BAPS, MR. Dancing master at Doctor Blimber's school. With his wife he attended the breaking up party, enquiring of several gentlemen present, "What you were to do with your raw materials when they came into your ports in return for your drain of gold," a question which Toots could only answer by the suggestion, "Cook 'em." Dombey, 14.

  BAPTISTE. A soldier billetted on the Poor Water-carrier, who sat in the Grande Place. Somebody's Luggage.

  BAR. A barrister guest of Mr. Merdle, a talkative, opinionated man with a little insinuating jury droop and a persuasive double eyeglass, which eventually made him Attorney-General. Dorrit, I, 21; II, 12, 16, 25.

  BARBARA. The Garland's pretty little servant girl, "very tidy, modest and demure." She was very jealous of Kit Nubbles's devotion to the memory of Little Nell, but after his release from his wrongful imprisonment and the discovery of Nell's death, found that her love was returned and they were eventually married. Curiosity Shop, 22, 38-40, 68, 69, 73.
  Barbara's mother became friendly with Mrs. Nubbles when Kit took them all to Astley's, and accompanied her to see Kit in prison. Curiosity Shop, 39, 40, 61, 63, 68, 73.

  BARBARY. 1. Miss Barbary was the aunt of Esther Summerson and sister to Lady Dedlock. She lived at Windsor, where she brought the child up with a cold and stern severity. She died when Esther was fourteen, and "to the very last, even afterwards, her frown remained unsoftened." Bleak House, 3, 29, 43.
  2. Mrs. Captain Barbary of Cheltenham was the owner of a horse which Captain Maroon tried to sell. Dorrit, I, 12.

  BARBICAN. In a courtyard near this old London thoroughfare which leads eastward from Aldersgate Street, was the low tavern where Simon Tappertit and the Prentice Knights held their meetings and where Rudge, the murderer, first ran across the blind villain Stagg (Barnaby, 8, 18). Bill Sikes and Oliver Twist passed through Barbican on their way from Bethnal Green to the scene of the burglary (Twist, 21). It was in this street that Tom Pinch lost his bearings on the way to Furnival's Inn (Chuzzlewit, 37), and at the corner of Aldersgate Street and Barbican Arthur Clennam parted from Pancke after his first visit to the Patriarch Casby. Dorrit, I. 13.

  BARBOX BROTHERS. A house of bill-brokers with a reputation for griping, in a court off Lombard Street. When it came into the hands of Young Jackson (q.v.) he closed down the business and "obliterated the firm of Barbox Brothers from the pages of the Post Office Directory and the face of the earth, leaving nothing of it but its name on two portmanteaus." Mugby Junction.

  BARDELL, MRS. MARTHA. The land lady of the rooms in Goswell Street, where Mr. Pickwick lived. "She was a comely woman of bustling manner and agreeable appearance, with a natural genius for cooking, improved by study and long practice, into an exquisite talent." She had one child, Tommy, a spoiled, greedy boy of ten or twelve. When Mr. Pickwick was thinking of engaging Sam Weller as his servant, he remarked to Mrs. Bardell that it would be nice for her to have a companion, which she took as a proposal of marriage. Importuned by the rascally lawyers, Dodson and Fogg, to sue Mr. Pickwick for breach of promise, she won her case through the eloquence of Sergeant Buzfuz, but after Mr. Pickwick's refusal to pay, she was arrested at the instance of Dodson and Fogg and was committed to the Fleet, whence she was only released by Mr. Pickwick paying her costs and his own, Pickwick, 12, 18, 20, 22, 26, 31, 34, 46, 47, 57.

  BARGEES. Some boisterous, uncouth men who gave Little Nell and her Grandfather a lift on their boat. Curiosity Shop, 43.

  BARGEMAN, THE. The character adopted by Bradley Headstone in his murderous pursuit of Eugene Wrayburn. Mutual Friend, IV, I, 7, 16.

  BARK. A lodging-house keeper and receiver of stolen goods whose house in Whitechapel was visited by Inspector Field and his men. Reprinted, Inspector Field.

  BARKER. 1. Bill Barker, or Boorker, was assistant waterman at the Hackney coach stand at the corner of Haymarket, and later became an omnibus cad, or conductor. Boz, Scenes, 17.
  2. Phil Barker was a drunken thief at the Three Cripples Inn. Twist, 26.

  BARKIS. The carrier between Blunderstone and Yarmouth, whose courtship of Clara Peggotty was effected through little David Copperfield to whom he entrusted the message, "Barkis is willin'." As Barkis was dying, Daniel Peggotty remarked, "People can't die along the coast except when the tide is pretty nigh out . . . he's a going out with the tide." And true enough "after saying with a pleasant smile, 'Barkis is willin', it being low water, he went out with the tide." The original of this character was a carrier named Barker, who lived at Blundestone. Copperfield, 2-5, 8, 10, 17, 21-3, 28, 30, 31, 61.

  BARLEY, CLARA. Herbert Pocket's fiancée, who took care of her testy old father at their house on Mill Pond Bank, below London Bridge. At Herbert 's suggestion she arranged that Magwitch, the convict, under the name of Campbell, should occupy two rooms at the top of the house until he could be smuggled abroad. Despite her father's tyranny Clara refused to leave him when Herbert took his situation abroad, but as soon as the old man was dead, Horbert returned to marry her.
  Old Bill Barley, Clara's father, was a retired and bedridden purser, "totally unequal to the consideration of any subject more psychological than Gout, Rum and Purser's Stores." Expectations, 30, 46, 55, 68.

  BARLOW, MR. The pedantic tutor of Sandford and Merton (q.v.). Uncommercial, 33.

  BARMAID. 1. The maid at the Town Arms, Eatanswill, who "hocussed the brandy and water of fourteen unpolled electors." Pickwick, 13.
  2. The young lady at the George and Vulture. Pickwick, 31.
  3. She of the Blue Boar, who knew Mr. Weller, Senior's, habits in the matter of drink. Pickwick, 33.
  4. The barmaid of the Saracen's Head, susceptible to the flattery of Frank Cheeryble. Nickleby, 43.
  5. Two showily dressed damsels in the gin palace. Boz, Scenes, 22.

  BARNABY RUDGE. This novel was begun at the end of 1838 in pursuance of a contract with the publisher Bentley, and was to follow Oliver Twist in Bentley's Miscellany. Much of the book had been written when, by mutual arrangement, the agreement was transferred to Chapman and Hall, May, 1840. Publication was begun in Master Humphrey's Clock in January, 1841, and concluded in November of the same year, when the novel was issued in book form, with illustrations by H. K. Browne.
  Principal Characters. Barnaby Rudge, a half-witted lad, his mother, and fugitive father; Old Willett, host of the Maypole Inn, and his son Joe; Gabriel Varden the locksmith, his wife and daughter Dolly, his apprentice Sim Tappertit, and his maid Miggs; Geoffrey Haredale, a squire, and his daughter Emma; Lord George Gordon and his secretary, Gashford; Sir John Chester and his son Edward; Hugh, ostler at the Maypole; Dennis, the hangman.
  In the opening chapter some cronies at the Maypole relate the story of Geoffrey Haredale, a Catholic squire, whose elder brother Reuben, together with his faithful steward Rudge, had been murdered. This tragedy casts its shadow throughout the story. Young Joe Willett is in love with Dolly Varden, and one day, after a quarrel with his stupid old father, he goes to London, sees Dolly, who laughs at his lovemaking, and in despair enlists. A contemporary love story is that of Emma Haredale and young Edward Chester, who are kept apart by their parents and can only communicate furtively, Dolly Varden acting as go-between. Sir John Chester taxes his son with carrying on a clandestine courtship and disowns him entirely when the boy refuses to give it up. Through these scenes Barnaby and his raven Grip pass to and fro with little relation to the plot of the story.
  Meanwhile, events have begun to move in London, where Lord George Gordon has started the No Popery agitation. Sim Tappertit, Varden's apprentice and a silly bombastic lad, enters into the movement, where he is soon joined by Hugh the Maypole ostler and Barnaby Rudge, who is excited at the noise and commotion, and leaves his mother to follow the rioters. The Gordon Riots are described with considerable detail and great accuracy; Hugh, Barnaby and Tappertit, set on by Lord George's rascally secretary, Gashford, playing prominent parts. The rioters go out to Chigwell, sack the Maypole Inn and bum the house of Geoffrey Haredale the Catholic. Emma and Dolly fall into the rioters' hands and are carried to an obscure hiding-place by Sim Tappertit and Maypole Hugh. But the troops have been called out by this time, and the ringleaders are caught. Joe Willett, now a soldier home wounded from the Savannahs, rescues Dolly and Emma.
  Throughout the story Mrs. Rudge has been blackmailed and harried from one home to another by the sinister figure of her husband, the steward who was supposed to have been killed in defence of his master, but who was really his murderer. After the burning of his house Geoffrey Haredale discovers this man and hands him over to justice. Hugh and Dennis are hanged, but through the exertions of Gabriel Varden, Barnaby is reprieved, while in due course Dolly and Joe Willett, Emma and Edward Chester are married.

  BARNACLE. Name of a family that "for some time had helped to administer the Circumlocution Office." The family is described at length in Dorrit, I, 34.
  l. Clarence, also called Barnacle Junior, son of Tite Barnacle and "the born idiot of the family — most agreeable and most endearing blockhead." I, 10, 17, 26, 34.
  2. Lord Decimus Tite Barnacle, uncle of Mr. Tite and a master of the art of How not to do it. I, 17, 34; II, 12, 24.
  3. Ferdinand, private secretary to Lord Decimus, an airy young fellow. I, 10, 34; II, 12, 28.
  4. Mr. Tite Barnacle, a permanent civil servant who lived in snobbish state in Mews Street, near Grosvenor Square. I, 9, 10, 34; II, 12.
  5. 'William, a parliamentary Barnacle, who always kept ready his own particular recipe for How not to do it. I, 34.

  BARNARD CASTLE. This market town in Durham was in the neighbourhood where Newman Noggs had lived before his ruin, and when Nicholas Nickleby went to Yorkshire Newman recommended him to call at the King's Head, "where there is good ale" (Nickleby, 7). Dickens and H. K. Browne stayed at this inn when they made a journey together in 1838 to investigate the Yorkshire school scandals.

  BARNARD'S INN. A former inn of Chancery, situated on the S. side of Holborn and W. of Fetter Lane. The Hall is now occupied by the Mercers' School. Herbert Pocket's chambers, when Pip joined him, were in the Inn, "the dingiest collection of shabby buildings ever squeezed together in a rank corner as a club for Tom Cats" (Expectations, 21). The premises of Langdale, the distiller, destroyed by the Gordon Rioters, were next to Barnard's Inn, with an entrance from Fetter Lane, and the flames from the blazing vats nearly burned the old inn. Barnaby, 66, 67.

  BARNET. This Hertfordshire town, some eleven miles north of London, was an important coaching stage on the Great North Road. Oliver Twist was passing through it on his way to London when he met the Artful Dodger (Twist, 8). Esther, Ada and Richard changed horses there on their way to their new home with Mr. John Jarndyce, as did Esther and Inspector Bucket in their vain pursuit of Lady Dedlock. Bleak House, 6, 67.

  BARNEY. The Jewish waiter at the Three Cripples public-house, who assisted Sikes and his accomplice in planning the Chertsey burglary. Twist, 15, 22, 26, 42, 45.

  BARNSTAPLE. The North Devon sea port, where Captain Jorgan and the Raybrocks went to visit the lawyer and clear up the mystery solved by A Message from the Sea.

  BARNWELL, CASE IN. Perker was referring to a well-known law book, Reports of Cases argued and determined in the court of King's Bench, by R. V. Barnewall, 1818-22. Pickwick, 10.

  BARNWELL, GEORGE. Hero of a tragedy entitled The Merchant, or the History of George Barnwell, written by George Lillo and produced at Drury Lane Theatre, June 22, 1730. The play was an immediate success and for over a century retained possession of the British stage. In 1796 it was produced at Covent Garden Theatre with Charles Kemble as Barnwell and Mrs. Siddons as Sarah Millwood.
  The story relates that George Barnwell, a London apprentice, was induced by Sarah Millwood, a light o' love who lived at Shoreditch, to steal £200 of his master's money. When more money was needed Millwood prompted her paramour to murder his uncle, who lived at Camberwell. As soon as his wealth had been squandered, they gave evidence against each other and both were hanged.

  BARRONNEAU, MADAME. The young widow of an old innkeeper of Marseilles, whom Rigaud married and murdered for her money. Dorrit, I, 1.

  BARROW, JANET. Original of Miss La Creevy. (q.v.)

  BARSAD, JOHN. Name assumed by Solomon Prose. (q.v.)

  BARTELLOT. A fashionable peruquier of Regent Street; branch of a business at 22 Hatton Garden. Boz, Tales, Boarding House.

  BARTHOLOl\lEW CLOSE. A byway in the vicinity of Little Britain, where Pip saw some of Mr. Jaggers's clients pacing up and down while waiting for that astute solicitor. Expectations, 20.

  BARTON, JACOB. A grocer friend of the Maldertons' who poked fun at their pretensions to quality, and "was so lost to all sense of feeling that he actually never scrupled to avow that he was not above his business." Boz, Tales, Sparkins.

  BASTILLE. This ancient and infamous Parisian prison, notorious for the many State offenders who had there been incarcerated, never to be heard of again, became a symbol of the tyranny of the old monarchical government, and its capture, July 14, 1789, was the first event of importance in the French Revolution. The incident is described in Two Cities, II, 21.

  BATES. 1. Charley, a sprightly lad, one of Fagin's apprentices at pocket-picking. After the break-up of the gang Bates repaired to the rendezvous on Jacobs' Island, and was largely instrumental in the capture of Sikes, whom he hated for the murder of Nancy. Horrified and disgusted with the life of crime he had hitherto led, the lad went into the country and became "the merriest young grazier in all Northamptonshire." Twist, 8, 9, IO, 12, 13, 16, 18, 25, 39, 43, 50, 53.
  2. Belinda Bates was one of the guests at the Haunted House, "who went in for Woman's Rights and Woman's Wrongs and everything that is Woman's with a capital W." Haunted House.

  BATH. Little can be added to the description of Bath given in Pickwick, which was written when the town's importance as a fashionable centre had already begun to wane. The White Hart Hotel, kept by Moses Pickwick, the coach proprietor whose name Dickens adopted for his hero, stood on the site now occupied by the Grand Pump Room Hotel. The older building was demolished in 1867. Tradition still points out Mrs. Craddock's house in Royal Crescent, while the shop of Harris, the greengrocer, where Sam Weller attended the "leg o' mutton swarry," is said to be the Beaufort Arms, near Queen's Square, where, at No. 12, lived Mr. Angelo Cyrus Bantam, M.C. (Pickwick, 35-3 7). The place is only mentioned other wise ae the residence of Volumnia Dedlock. Bleak House, 28.

  BATTENS. The oldest resident of Titbull's Almshouses, a virulent old man full of complaints. Uncommercial, 27.

  BATTERSEA. There are few references to this part of London lying on the south side of the river to Chelsea. Only the bridge is mentioned, and in those times it was a rickety and ancient wooden structure which acted rather as an obstacle to navigation than as a means of crossing the river. The new bridge was built in 1690.

  BATTERY, THE. An old disused fort on the marshes, where Pip took food to the convict Magwitch. Expectations, I, 3.

  BATTLE BRIDGE. This was the old name for King's Cross and the place was so called from being the site of a bridge over the Fleet river, where a fierce battle took place between the Romans and Britons under Boadicea. In the early part of the nineteenth century Battle Bridge had a bad reputation as a criminal haunt. In 1830 a curious octagonal structure, the lower part of which was used as a police station, was erected by the architect Bray, who called it King's Cross. This was demolished in 1845. The neighbourhood was famous for its huge unsightly heaps of dust and refuse. The little sweep of Boz's early days settled near Battle Bridge (Boz, Scenes, 20). There Conkey Chickweed, the redoubtable burglar, kept a public-house to which young lords went for cockfights and badger drawing (Twist, 31). R. Wilfer was crossing the desert of rubbish which lay between Battle Bridge and his home in Holloway when he remarked, "Ah, what might have been is not what is!" (Mutual Friend, I, 4), while Mr. Boffin gave it as a direction to help Wegg reach the Bower (Mutual Friend, I, 6). Finally, the men who played the band bells at Mr. Dombey's wedding practised in a back settlement near Battle Bridge. Dombey, 31.

  BATTLE OF LIFE, THE. This was the fourth of the Christmas Books, and appeared in December, 1846.
  Principal Characters. Dr. Jeddler, a philosopher who looks on the world as a gigantic practical joke; his daughters Grace and Marion; Alfred Heathfield, engaged to Marion; Michael Warden, a spendthrift landowner; Snitchey and Craggs, lawyers; Benjamin Britain and Clemency Nowcome, Dr. Joddler's servants.
  The story opens on the birthday of Marion and of Alfred Heathfield, when the latter, having come of age, is leaving for a foreign tour. After his departure Michael Warden, who has been a wastrel, during a business conversation with Snitchey and Craggs, tells them that he has fallen in love with Marion, although he knows that she is affianced to Heathfield. On the night of Heathfield's return, Marion and Michael Warden disappear and for six years nothing is heard of either. During that time Benjamin Britain and Clemency Newcome marry and take over the village inn. One day Michael Warden enters the inn to rest, and learns that Grace and Heathfield are married and living happily in the midst of a growing family. Craggs, the lawyer, then prepares Grace for receiving her long lost sister, Marion, who returns to her father's roof. It transpires that she had perceived that Grace had fallen in love with Heathfield and, in a spirit of loving self-abnegntion had gone away, apparently with Michael Warden, though in reality to live with an aunt. There she had remained in seclusion ever since. In the end Marion marries Michael Warden. The principal interest of the story centres round the quaint characters of Benjamin Britain and Clemency Newcome, and in the dry wit of the lawyers Snitchey and Craggs.

  BAYTON. A poor man in the parish of Bumble the Beedle, whose wife died and was given a "porochial" funeral. Twist, 5.

  BAZZARD. Confidential clerk of Mr. Grewgious who seemed possessed of some strange power over his master. His melancholy demeanour and sense of superiority arose from having written a tragedy which nobody would, on any account, hear of bringing out. Drood, II, 20.

  BEADLE. There can be no better description of this happily extinct functionary than that supplied in sundry passages of Dickens' works. Of these the principal is in Boz, Our Parish, while Bumble, the beadle in Oliver Twist is, of course, the classic example. According to Mr. G. K. Chesterton, Dickens "stepped up to the grave official of the vestry, really trusted by the rulers, really feared like a god by the poor, and he tied round his neck a name that choked him; never again now can he be anything but Bumble." Mr. Meagles' sentiments on the subject are worth reading in Dorrit, I, 2. Mention should also be made of Mooney, beadle of the parish where Nemo was found dead (Bleak House, 11), and of the beadle whom Sam "spiled" in a single combat (Pickwick, 19). A final example of this much detested functionary may be found in Uncommercial, 18.

  BEADLE, HARRIET. Actual name of Tattycoram. (q.v.)

  BEADNELL, MARIA. This lady was the original of Dolly Varden, Bella Wilfer, Dora Spenlow and, as an older woman, of Flora Finching. She was the daughter of George Beadnell of 2 Lombard Street, a manager of Smith, Payne and Smith's bank, who was portrayed as Casby and Spenlow. Dickens met and fell in love with Maria in 1830, when she was a pretty coquette of nineteen. While she was "finishing off" in Paris mischief was made between them, and they ceased corresponding in 1833. Later, she married a Mr. Winter. In 1855 Mrs. Winter wrote to Dickens and renewed the friendship, but by that time she had developed from the charming original of Dora to the garrulous prototype of Flora Finching.

  BEADWOOD, NED. Mentioned by Miss Mowcher. " When they took him to church to marry him to somebody, they left the bride behind." Copperfield, 22.

  BEAR, PRINCE. The enemy of Prince Bull, representing Russia in the allegorical fairy tale. Reprinted, Prince Bull.

  "BEARINGS OF THIS OBSERVATION LAYS IN THE APPLICATION ON IT." An explanatory remark which Captain Jack Bunsby habitually uttered when propounding his more abstruse words of wisdom. Dombey, 23, 39.

  BEARS AND BARBERS. Sam Weller's story of Jinkinson the barber seems one of the most improbable of his anecdotes, but it would appear that bears were actually kept and killed for the sake of their grease. The following advertisement appeared in The Times of February 7, 1793:–
  "Just killed, an extra fine Fat Russian Bear at Rose's Ornamental Hair and Perfumery Warehouse, No. 119 Bishopsgate Street (late Vickery's) three doors from the London Tavern.
  "The excellent virtue which the fat of bears possesses has been experienced by thousands of both sexes and of all ages in this Metropolis. . . . It is sold at 1s. per ounce or 16s. the pound, to be seen cut off the animal in the presence of the purchaser." This shop was, within living memory, adorned outside with pictures of raging bears. Humphrey; Nickleby, 3, 5; Robert Bolton.

  BEAUVAIS. The birthplace of Dr. Manette, and one of the halting places of Charles Darnay when he was being taken to Paris. Two Cities, III, I, 10.

  BEAVER, NAT. A guest in the Haunted House. He was the captain of a merchant man, "with a thick-set wooden face and figure . . . and a world of watery experience in him." Haunted House.

  BEBELLE. Pet name of Gabrielle, the little orphan girl befriended by Corporal Theophile and later adopted by Mr. Langley. Somebody's Luggage.

  BECKHAMPTON. Possible original of the Marlborough Downs inn. See Inn (1).

  BECKWITH, ALFRED. Name adopted by Meltham in order to entrap Julius Slinkton. See Meltham. Hunted Down.

  BECKY. Barmaid at the Hampton public house where Bill Sikes and Oliver Twist rested on their way to commit the burglary. Twist, 21.

  BEDFORD, PAUL. One of the favourite comedians of the '30s-'50s, who for many years acted with Edward Wright at the Adelphi. His greatest hit was in "The Flowers of the Forest," and his favourite phrase, "I believe you my bo-ooy," became a catch word of the time. Bedford was born in 1792 and died in 1871. Sketches of Gentlemen (Theatrical).

  BEDFORD HOTEL, BRIGHTON. One of the oldest and best hotels in this seaside town. Dickens and his wife stayed there in 1848, 1849 and 1861, and it was there that he made Mr. Dombey put up when he visited little Paul. Dombey, 10.

  BEDFORD ROW. This fine Bloomsbury street is little altered in outward appearance since its erection in the early eighteenth century, and is still a lawyers' haunt. Boz, Scenes, 16; Uncommercial, 14.

  BEDFORD SQUARE. One of the finest of the Bloomsbury squares; it was long noted as a residence of judges. It only concerns us as being the residence of a certain Mr. Delafontaine, a friend of Flamwell. Boz, Tales, Sparkins.

  BEDLAM. The popular name for the Bethlehem Hospital, the most famous of all lunatic asylums. The original building was in Moorfields, on the site of an ancient priory, now covered by Liverpool Street Station. In 1812 a new building was begun in Lambeth, on the site of the Dog and Duck Tea Gardens, notorious as the resort of all kinds of low characters, and two years later the inmates were moved to their new quarters. The term Bedlam has long been synonymous with madhouses and lunacy in general. Uncommercial, 13.

  BEDWIN, MRS. Housekeeper to Mr. Brownlow. She was "a motherly old lady, very neatly and precisely dressed," and was a staunch believer in Oliver Twist, whose innocence she championed in face of Mr. Grimwig's most triumphant accusations. Twist, 12, 14, 15, 17, 41, 61.

  BEGGING LETTER WRITER, THE. An amusing sketch which appeared in Household Words, May 18, 1850, and was published among the Reprinted Pieces of the Librray Edition, 1858. It recounts some of the plausible and ingenious stories resorted to by the writers of begging letters.

  BEGGS, MRS. RIDGER. One of the Micawber girls who married in Australia. Copperfield, 63.

  "BEGONE! DULL CARE." A seventeenth-century song beginning, "Begone! dull care, I prithee begone from me." Curiosity Shop, 7; Drood, 2.

  BELGRAVE SQUARE. Formerly one of the most fashionable residential quarters in London, this square was built in 1825, after the plans of George Basevi. Dickens remarks that the inhabitants of Cadogan Place look on the high folks of Belgrave Square in some such manner as the illegitimate children of the great boast of their connections, although their connections disavow them (Nickleby, 21). The dreamer in Out of Town imagined he saw the last man in London, an ostler, sitting on a post in Belgrave Square eating straw and mildewing away. Lady Tippins lived over a staymaker's somewhere in the Belgravian borders. Mutual Friend, II, 3.

  BELINDA. A love-lorn correspondent of Master Humphrey, who wrote from Bath. Humphrey.

  BELIZE. A seaport and the capital of British Honduras, where Gill Davis and Harry Charker had been quartered before they were sent to Silver Store Island. English Prisoners.

  BELL, BERKELEY HEATH. This old inn, about a mile out of Berkeley town, yet flourishes as it did on the day when Mr. Pickwick and his companions alighted there for lunch on their way to Birmingham. Pickwick, 50.

  BELLA. 1. The younger of the two girls in the prisoners' van. Boz, Characters, 12.
  2. Miss Pupford's housemaid, who left Kitty Kimmeens alone in the house. Tom Tiddler.

  BELL ALLEY, COLEMAN STREET. This should really be Great Bell Alley. Here was situated the lock-up of Namby, the sheriff's officer who arrested Mr. Pickwick. The sheriff's offices were actually at 25 Coleman Street. Pickwick, 40.

  BELLAMY'S. In 1773 John Bellamy, deputy housekeeper to the House of Commons, fitted up two rooms in the old Houses of Parliament for providing refreshment to members. A meal of cold meat, bread, cheese and beer was provided for 2s. 6d., rather meagre sandwiches cost 1s. each and other prices were proportionately high. On the completion of the present Houses of Parliament the catering was relegated to a Kitchen Committee, and Bellamy's ceased to exist in 1848. A story of doubtful authority says that the last words of William Pitt the younger, usually recorded as, "Oh, my country, in what a state I leave thee," were really, "Oh, for one of Bellamy's pies." Boz, Scenes, 18.

  BELLE. The spirit of Scrooge's early love, whom he had lost by his greed for money. Christmas Carol.

  BELLER, HENRY. A drunken toastmaster mentioned in the report of the Brick Lane Ebenezer Temperance Association as a convert to teetotalism. Pickwick, 33.

  BELLE SAUVAGE INN. The site of this large and important coaching inn is now occupied by the publishing house of Cassell, but the yard bears the old name. It is the first turning on the left going up Ludgate Hill from Farringdon Street. La Belle Sauvage was closed as an inn in 1873, and there are now no signs of the old building. It was at one time the headquarters of Mr. Weller, Senior. Pickwick, 10.

  BELLING. A boy from Taunton, who accompanied Squeers and Nicholas as a pupil to Dotheboys Hall. Nickleby, 4, 5.

  BELLOWS. A barrister guest at one of the Merdle dinners. Dorrit, I, 21.

  BELLS, GOBLINS OF. Phantom figures seen by Trotty Veck when he climbed the belfry on New Year's Eve. Chimes.

  BELLTOTT. Name commonly given to Mrs. Isabella Tott, widow of a N.C.O. on Silver Store Island. She played a gallant part in the flight from the island. English Prisoners.

  BELL YARD, FLEET STREET. In this narrow lane running up from Fleet Street to Carey Street, entirely altered when the Law Courts were built, was the home of Mrs. Blinder, who took care of the Neckett children. Bleak House, 15.

  BELVAWNEY, MISS. A member of the Crummles theatrical company. "She seldom aspired to speaking parts, but usually went on as a page in white silk hose, to stand with one leg bent and contemplate the audience." Nickleby, 23, 24, 29.

  BELZONI-LIKE. This reference is to G. B. Belzoni, the Italian traveller and archæologist, who excavated the temple of Abu Simbel and explored the second great pyramid at Ghizeh. Boz, Scenes, 5.

  BEN. 1. Guard of the mail coach, whom Sikes heard telling about Nancy' s murder. Twist, 48.
  2. Waiter at the Rochester Inn who served the Seven Poor Travellers.

  BENCH. One of Mr. Merdle's magnate guests. Dorrit, I, 21.

  BENJAMIN. 1. A member of the Prentice Knights and a follower of Sim Tappertit. Barnaby, 8.
  2. Thomas Benjamin was the principal in a divorce-suit. Copperfield, 33.

  BENNETT, GEORGE. (1800-79.) A well, known actor at Covent Carden and Drury Lane. He usually acted with Macready. Sketches of Gentlemen (Theatrical).

  BENSON. Name of three characters in the comic burletta entitled The Village Coquette. Old Benson was a small farmer, with two children — Young Benson and Lucy. The latter flirted for a while with Squire Norton, but perceived his snares in time to save herself and married her village sweetheart, George Edmunds.

  BENTLEY'S MISCELLANY. The first number of this monthly magazine, founded by Richard Bentley, appeared January 2, 1837, under the editorship of Boz, who vacated the chair in February, 1839. The Miscellany continued until 1868, when it was incorporated with Temple Bar. Mudfog, Twist and Pantomime of Life appeared in it.

  BENTON, MISS. Master Humphrey's housekeeper, who inspired a momentary passion in the bosom of the susceptible Tony Weller, but eventually married Slithers, the barber. Humphrey.

  BERINTHIA, or BERRY. Mrs. Pipchin's niece, middle aged, good natured and a devoted slave to that austere woman. Dombey, 8, 11, 59.

  BERNERS STREET. Running north out of Oxford Street, this was a favourite residential street for artists, but, perhaps achieved greater notoriety by reason of the famous Berners Street hoax perpetrated in 1809 by Theodore Hook. Boz, Characters, 9.

  BERRY. Short for Berinthia. (q.v.)

  "BESIDE THAT COTTAGE PORCH." This is from the second verse of Alexander Lee's "The Soldier's Tear," and, minus Wegg's complimentary additions, is practically as quoted by that worthy. Mutual Friend, I, 5.

  "BEST OF ALL WAYS, THE." Skimpole was singing Moore's "Young May Moon," the first verse of which contains these words. Bleak House, 6.

  BETHLEHEM HOSPITAL. The full name for Bedlam. (q.v.)

  BETHNAL GREEN. Now one of the most crowded parts of the East End of London, a hundred years ago Bethnal Green was a large and densely populated village on the outskirts of London. It was, however, even at that time, tainted with the squalor of Whitechapel, and it was in a mean and dirty street that Bill Sikes and Nancy first kept house (Twist, 19). Into the "difficult country" round Bethnal Green Eugene Wrayburn and his friend Mortimer led Bradley Headstone a weary chase when he was playing the spy on Eugene (Mutual Friend, III, 10). There is a curious speculation on the fowls at Bethnal Green in Uncommercial Traveller, 10.

  BETLEY. One of Mrs. Lirriper's first lodgers. Lirriper's Lodgings.

  BET or BETSY. Nancy's friend, sweetheart of Tom Chitling and one of Fagin's thieves. Being called upon to identify Nancy's body, the horror of the scene drove her mad. Twist, 9, 13, 16, 18, 25, 50.

  BETSEY. Nurse to the Britain children. Battle of Life.

  BETSEY JANE. Mrs. Wickam's cousin who, as a child, had been endowed with a kind of ghostly influence which was reputed to bring those whom she liked to an early end. Dombey, 8, 58.

  BETSY. Mrs. Raddle's dirty, slipshod maid, "who might have passed for the neglected daughter of a superannuated dustman in very reduced circumstances." Pickwick, 32.

  BETTY, MASTER. William Henry Betty (1791-1874) was a popular actor who achieved fame on the Dublin stage at the age of twelve. In 1804 he went to London, by that time having already gained the name of The Young Roscius, and caused such a sensation that troops were ordered out to cope with the crowds besieging Covent Garden Theatre for admittance. On another occasion the House of Commons adjourned to see him play Hamlet. Betty left the stage for three years (1808-11) to study at Cambridge and finally retired, with great wealth, in 1824. Boz, Characters, 7.

  BETTY MARTIN. The phrase, "All my eye and Betty Martin," meaning "all nonsense," was much in vogue during the first half of the nineteenth century and the first three words are still sometimes used with the same meaning. In one of the Joe Miller jest books the story is told of a sailor who was looking round a foreign church and over heard a suppliant at one of the altars murmuring, "Ah! mihi, beate Martine! (Ah! grant me, blessed Martin). Recording the incident later he said that as far as he could make out she was saying, "All my eye and Betty Martin." The real origin of the phrase is unknown.

  BEULAH SPA. This once fashionable resort in Upper Norwood came into prominence in 1831, when the proprietor of the grounds, in which rose a spring whose water was impregnated with sulphate of magnesia, spent a considerable sum of money in erecting pump rooms and their attendant amenities. Its popularity was transient and all that remains at the present time is the Beulah Spa Hotel. At the height of its fashion the Spa was the favourite objective of such excursions as that planned by Mr. Gabriel Parsons. Boz, Scenes, 5; Tales, Tottle.

  BEVAN. 1. A kindly man from Massachusetts, whose acquaintance Martin Chuzzlewit made at the Pawkins boarding house. He took Martin to visit the Norrises, and when Martin and Mark were at the end of their resources at Eden, sent them money to enable them to return to New York. Chuzzlewit, 16, 17, 21, 33, 34, 43.
  2. An old friend of Mrs. Nickleby, with whom she once dined off roast pig. Nickleby, 41.

  BEVIS MARKS. This is a short street leading out of St. Mary Axe and is rendered immortal by having contained the house (No. 10) of Mr. Sampson Brass, which was the scene of Dick Swiveller's games of cards with the Marchioness, of the Single Gentleman 's adventures with the Punch and Judy shows and of Brass's cunning plot to incriminate Kit Nubbles. Dick discovered "a mild porter" at the Red Lion public house. Curiosity Shop, 11, 33-7, 50, 61, 56-60.

  BIB, JULIUS WASHINGTON MERRYWEATHER. A member of the deputation to welcome Elijah Pogram. Chuzzlewit, 34.

  BIDDY. The orphan girl who taught Pip to read. She was Mr. Wopsle's great-aunt's granddaughter and, like Pip, had been brought up by hand. She went to look after the Gargery's home after Orlick's brutal attack on Pip's sister, and there proved the best friend Pip ever had. But he was blinded by his own grandeur and snobbishness, and was unable to perceive Biddy's simple and pure love for himself, parting from her in priggish condescension when he finally left for London. On the death of Pip's sister Biddy went to live with the Hubbles and became schoolmistress. After his loss of fortune Pip decided to return and ask her to marry him, but he arrived on the very day of her wedding to Joe Gargery. Expectations, 7, 10, 12, 15-19, 35, 57-9.

  "BID ME DISCOURSE." Bishop's setting of a song taken from Shakespeare's Venus and Adonis. Boz, Tales, Tuggs's.

  BIFFIN, MISS SARAH. (1784-1850.) A celebrity in her day, Miss Biffin was a miniature painter who was born without arms or legs, and was only 3 ft. 1 in. in height. She taught herself to draw and paint by holding a pencil or brush in her mouth, and in 1812 was exhibited in the principal towns of England by her teacher, a Mr. Dukes. Her excellent work attracted the attention of the Earl of Morton and reached the notice of Royalty. Miss Biffin died, October 2, 1850. Nickleby, 37; Chuzzlewit, 28; Reprinted, Plated Article.

  BIGBY, MRS. Mrs. Meek's mother, "never known to yield any point whatever to mortal man." Assisted by Mrs. Prodgit, the monthly nurse, she made Mr. Meek's life a burden. Reprinted, Births, Mrs. Meek.

  BIGWIG FAMILY. The stateliest and noisiest people in the neighbourhood, who took upon themselves to manage all poor people's affairs. Reprinted, Nobody's Story.

  BILBERRY, LADY JEMIMA. Daughter of the fifteenth Earl of Stiltstalking and wife of Lord Decimus Tite Barnacle. Dorrit, I, 17.

  BILER. Nickname of Robin Tootle, also known as Rob the Grinder. (q.v.)

  BILKIHS. "The only authority on Taste." Reprinted, French Watering Place.

  BILL. 1. Uncle Bill, who ordered "tea for four; bread and butter for forty." Boz, Scenes, 9.
  2. Driver of the Oxford Street City omnibus. Boz, Scenes, 16.
  3. Ostler at the Flower Pot Inn. Boz, Tales, Minns.
  4. Former turnkey at the Fleet prison. Pickwick, 41.
  5. Gravedigger who buried Mrs. Bayton. Twist, 5.
  6. Husband of Amelia and a criminal whose defence was undertaken by Jaggers. Expectations, 20.
  7. Black Bill, a criminal in Newgate. Expectations, 32.

  BILLICKIN, MRS. A lodging-house keeper of Southampton Street, Bloomsbury Square, from whom Mr. Grewgious took rooms for Miss Twinkleton and Rosa Bud. She never signed her christian name — "so long as this 'ouse is known indefinite as Billickins's, I feel safe, but commit myself to a solitary female statement, no." She considered Miss Twinkleton as her natural enemy and waged fierce warfare with her through the medium of Rosa. Drood, 22.

  BILLINGSGATE. References to the famous London fish market are but casual. "Tip" Dorrit was in the Billingsgate trade during one of his brief fits of industry (Dorrit, I, 7). Pip and Herbert Pocket used to look at the old market as they rowed down river to see Magwitch. (Expectations, 54), and the Uncommercial Traveller (13) visited it during one of his night walks.

  BILLSMETHI, SIGNOR. The proprietor of a dancing academy near Gray's Inn Lane, whose daughter proved an attraction to the impressionable young oil and colourman, Augustus Cooper, from whom by the threat of a breach of promise action the Billsmethi's extorted £20. Boz, Characters, 9.

  BILLSTICKERS, KING OF THE. "A good-looking little man of about fifty, with a shining face, a tight head, a bright eye, a moist wink and a ready air." Reprinted, Bill Sticking.

  BILL-STICKING. A sketch which appeared in Household Words, March 22, 1851, and was published again in Reprinted Pieces, 1858. It is interesting as giving some idea of London at the time when Trafalgar Square had just been completed, and was looked upon as a doubtful improvement.

  "BILL STUMPS HIS MARK." Mr. Blotton's malicious rendering of the inscription upon the ancient stone found by Mr. Pickwick at Cobham. See Stumps, Pickwick, 11.

  BILSON AND SLUMP. The wholesale business house of Cateaton Street, Gresham Street, City, for whom Tom Smart travelled. Pickwick, 14.

  BINTREY. Solicitor of Walter Wilding, "a cautious man with twinkling beads of eyes in a large overhanging bald head, who inwardly but intensely enjoyed the comicality of openness of speech or hand or heart." He helped to track down Obenreizer in his villany, was a loyal friend to Marguerite, and eventually succeeded in proving Vendale's identity. No Thoroughfare.

  BIRD WALTZ. This was a popular piano piece by F. Panormo, published about 1825. Dombey, 29, 38.

  BIRMINGHAM, MR. and MRS. Host and hostess of the Lord Warden Hotel, Dover, from c. 1851-c. 1874. Uncommercial, 17.

  BIRMINGHAM. The great Midland capital was visited by Dickens several times. He made a speech on education to the Binningham Polytechnic Institution in 1844, and in January, 1853, received a great ovation at the room of the Society of Artists, being presented with a salver and a diamond ring. His most important connection with the city, however, lies in the fact that there he gave his first public readings, December 27, 29 and 30, 1853. Other readings were given in later years, and in 1870, being President of the Institute, he distributed the prizes at the Town Hall. The first reference to Birmingham is rather mysterious, being contained in the original announcement of the Pickwick Papers, where it is said that the great man's "fondness for the useful arts prompted his celebrated journey to Birmingham in the depth of winter." This evidently had no reference to the visit he paid in company with Bob Sawyer and Ben Allen. On that occasion he went to see Mr. Winkle, Senior, whose house was pointed out in Easy Row, near the Old Wharf. The travellers stayed at the Old Royal Hotel, of which nothing now remains (Pickwick, 50). It was reported that Bill Sikes had fled thither after Nancy's murder (Twist, 48). Mr. Weller, Senior, instanced his disapproval of railways by describing a journey to Birmingham in which he was locked into the carriage with a "living widder" (Humphrey). Soon after her marriage Mrs. Nickleby visited Stratford in a postchaise from Birmingham (Nickleby, 27). Mr. Dombey and Major Bagstock travelled down to Leamington by the Birmingham mail train (Dombey, 20). A tightrope accident in the People's Park is mentioned in Uncommercial, 23. John, the unfortunate inventor, had worked there all his life. (Reprinted, Poor Man's Patent). Finally, Birmingham is mentioned as the place where Lord George Gordon made his public profession of the Jewish faith. Barnaby, 82.

  BIRTHS, MRS. MEEK OF A SON. This sketch appeared in Household Words, February 22, 1851, and was published in the bound volume of Reprinted Pieces, in 1858. It is an amusing account of the slights put upon Mr. Meek by his mother-in-law, Mrs. Bigby, at the birth of his son.

  BISHOP. 1. One of Mr. Merdle 's guests, a magnate of the Church, "with a strong and rapid step as if he wanted . . . to go round the world and see that everybody was in a satisfactory state." Dorrit, I, 21; II, 12, 16, 25.
  2. A hot drink compounded of red wine poured warm upon oranges, the mixture being sugared and spiced to taste. Christmas Carol.

  BISHOP AND WILLIAMS. John Bishop and Thomas Head, alias Williams, were the English counterparts of Burke and Hare, the Resurrectionist men. Assisted by a certain May they committed dozens of murders in London and sold the bodies to the hospitals for 8-10 guineas apiece. Their procedure was to give the victim rum or beer containing a strong dose of laudanum and then immerse him in a well until dead. On November 3, 1831, they murdered an Italian boy named Carlo Ferrari, but Mr. Partridge, the surgeon to whom they took the body, became suspicious and summoned the police. The murderers were arrested and tried at the Old Bailey, December 2, 1831. May was transported for life, Bishop and Williams were sentenced to death and executed, December 5, 1831. Boz, Scenes, 25.

  BISHOPSGATE STREET. In the early part of the nineteenth century this busy thoroughfare contained many old houses which have since been swept away in the improvement of London. It was a busy headquarters for coaches for the Eastern counties, while the London Tavern (q.v.), at its Citywards extremity, was a famous resort of business men. From the Flowerpot Inn (q.v.), one of the busiest coaching houses, Mr. Minns set out to visit his cousin at Stamford Hill (Boz, Tales, Minns). In this street lived Brogley, the broker, who was put in possession at the Wooden Midshipman (Dombey, 9). One of the Gordon Rioters was hanged in Bishopsgate Street. Barnaby, 77.

  BITBERSTONE, MASTER. A boarder at Mrs. Pipchin's Castle. His father was in India, whither the boy had desperate ideas of following him. Major Bagstock made his friendship with Bitherstone's father, "Bill Bitherstone of ours, " a useful pretext for obtaining an introduction to Mr. Dombey. Dombey, 8, 10, 11, 41, 60.

  BITZER. One of the promising pupils in Mr. Gradgrind 's school. An inveterate sneak, as soon as he had entered the service of Bounderby's Bank as light porter he spied on young Tom Gradgrind. And when Tom, after his theft, took refuge with Sleary's Circus, Bitzer appeared to take him back, "for I have no doubt whatever that Mr. Bounderby will then promote me to young Mr. Tom's situation." "Bitzer, have you a heart?" said Mr. Gradgrind. "No man, sir, acquainted with the facts established by Harvey relating to the circulation of the blood, can doubt that I have a heart." Such was the fruit of Mr. Gradgrind's teaching of utilitarianism. Sleary, however, with the aid of a performing horse and a dog which pinned Bitzer for some hours to the road, enabled Tom to make his escape. Hard Times, I, 2, 5; II, 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11; III, 7-9.

  BLACK. 1. A constable who met Inspector Field at Whitechapel. Reprinted, Inspector Field.
  2. Mrs. Black was one of Mrs. Lemon's pupils. Holiday Romance.

  BLACK BADGER INN. The headquarters of the Game Chicken, Mr. Toots' instructor in the noble art of self-defence. Dombey, 22.

  BLACKBOY, MR. This was the name painted by Barkie on the box in which he kept his money. Copperfield, 31.

  BLACK BOY INN, CHELMSFORD. The inn where Mr. Weller, Senior, picked up Jingle and Job Trotter after the trick they had played on Mr. Pickwick at Bury St. Edmunds. The inn was demolished in 1857. Pickwick, 20.

  BLACK BOY AND STOMACH ACHE INN. The house at Oldcastle where some members of the Mudfog Association put up at the second meeting.

  BLACKEY. A beggar who stood near London Bridge "for twenty-five years with his skin painted to represent disease. Reprinted, Inspector Field.

  BLACKFRIARS BRIDGE AND ROAD. Since 1760, when the original bridge was built, this has been one of the principal thoroughfares across the river, despite the fact that until 1785 a halfpenny toll was charged. It was partly in exasperation at this tax that the Gordon Rioters destroyed the toll houses (Barnaby, 47, 67). The bridge was first called Pitt Bridge, after Lord Chatham. Alterations and repairs were constantly required from 1830 onwards until, in 1864, the bridge was demolished and a new one built, 1865-69. This in its turn was widened in 1907-8. As a child Dickens used to cross the bridge daily on his way between Warren's Blacking Factory, and his temporary home in the Marshalsea. Two of his landmarks yet exist at the corners of Union Street — Rowland Hill's Chapel, now the Boxing Ring, and the shop with the "likeness of a golden dog licking a golden pot." The Blackfriars shore is mentioned in Boz, Scenes, 10; and Mr Gabriel Parsons was followed by small boys from the bridge on his way into the City (Boz, Tales, Tottle). It was near Blackfriars Bridge that Mr. Peggotty and David saw Martha, when they were looking for Little Em'ly (Copperfield, 46). Poor Jo, after his lecture from Chadband, "moved on " to the bridge where he settled in a baking, stony corner (Bleak House, 19); while Mr. George went swinging over Blackfriars Bridge and along Blackfriars Road to visit the Bagnets (Bleak House, 27). Pip rowed above the bridge when training for the rescue of Magwitch (Expectations, 46). Clennam and Plornish drove over the bridge on their way to see the Dorrits in the Marshalsea (Dorrit, I, 12). Finally the bridge is mentioned among others in Reprinted, Down with the Tide.

  BLACKHEATH. Until fifty years ago this was little more than a pleasant village, just the sort of place where one would expect to find "the modest little cottage" where John Rokesmith and Bella began married life (Mutual Friend, IV, 4). Salem House was in the vicinity (Copperfield, 5), and David passed it again when running away to his aunt (Chapter 13). The entertainer of the Seven Poor Travellers passed it on his way back to London, and the Uncommercial Traveller (7) passed through Blackheath on his journey to France.

  BLACK LION INN. The Whitechapel Inn, where Joe Willett took his dinner when sent to London on his father's errands. Only the yard of this inn remains, at No. 75, White chapel Road (Barnaby, 13, 31, 72). The host of the inn was called by the same name, because he had instructed the artist who painted the inn sign to give the animal a face as like his own as possible.

  BLACKMORE. This was an American who performed at Vauxhall Gardens in 1823 and for some years afterwards. His show consisted of ascending a rope amid a blaze of fireworks, carrying out various evolutions whilst wearing a cap embellished with flaming fireworks, and other turns of a like nature. Boz, Scenes, 14.

  BLACKPOOL, STEPHEN. A power-loom operative in Bounderby's mill. Rendered desperate by his drunken wife he asked advice of Bounderby as to whether there was no law which would release him from this creature, and enable him to marry Rachel, the honest, true girl who was the one bright spot in his life. Bounderby explained that there was such a law, but not for the poor, so Stephen returned to his misery. Refusing to join the union which was being formed by the mill hands, Stephen was hounded out of his job and left Coketown. He was on his way back to clear himself from the suspicion of the bank robbery when he fell down an abandoned coal pit shaft and died shortly after his rescue. Hard Times, I, 10-13; II, 4-6, 8; Il 1, 4-7, 9.

  BLACKWALL. An East London district on the Thames. It was passed by the Margate steam packet, described in Boz, Scenes, 10. It is best known from the Blackwall Railway which received its Act in 1836. The terminus was at first in the Minories, but was later moved to Fenchurch Street. This railway was peculiar, in that the power was derived from a stationary engine at either end, which in turn wound or unwound a single rope to which all the carriages were attached. From Uncommercial, 9, it would appear to have been used by pleasure trippers. Sergeant Dornton tracked Mesheck, with his carpet bag, to London by this railway. Reprinted, The Detective Police.

  BLADUD, PRINCE. The mythical founder of Bath, whose story is told in Pickwick, 36.

  BLAKE, WARMINT. An out-and-out young gentleman. Sketches of Young Gentlemen.

  "BLAME NOT THE BARD." One of Moore's Irish Melodies. Curiosity Shop, 35.

  BLANDOIS. Name adopted by Rigaud in his negotiations with Mrs. Clennam. See Rigaud.

  BLAB. Member of the Mudfog Association.

  BLATHERS. A Bow Street detective sent to investigate the burglary at Mrs. Maylie's house. He and his colleague Duff had many theories and waxed enthusiastic over their powers in solving other crimes, but failed to make anything of the case in question. Twist, 31.

  BLAZE AND SPARKLE. The jewellers who knew "where to have the fashionable people." Bleak House, 2, 58.

  BLAZO, SIR THOMAS. A West Indian friend of Jingle, with whom he played a single-wicket cricket match in terrific heat "bat in blisters, ball scorched brown." Pickwick, 7, 53.

  BLEAK HOUSE. This book was issued in monthly parts, the first appearing in March, 1852, and the last in September, 1853, in which year it was published in book form. It was illustrated by Phiz and dedicated to Carlyle.
  Principal Characters. Esther Summerson, Ada Clare and Richard Carstone, the three young people who live with John Jarndyce, a benevolent elderly gentleman; Lawrence Boythorn, a country squire; Mrs. Jellyby, a philanthropist; Harold Skimpole, an agreeable rascal; Mr. Guppy, a lawyer's clerk enamoured of Esther; Sir Leicester Dedlock and his lady; Mr. Tulkinghorn, the family solicitor; Bucket, the detective; Jo, the street waif; Snagsby, a law stationer; Allan Woodcourt, a surgeon.
  The story is told partly in narrative form and partly in the autobiographical style which the author had used to such advantage in David Copperfield. The plot hinges on an interminable Chancery suit — Jarndyce and Jarndyce — to which the principal characters are parties. John Jarndyce adopts two Chancery wards, Ada Clare and Richard Carstone, taking Esther Summerson into his household as companion to the former, and it is Esther who relates that portion of the story which deals with John Jarndyce and his wards. Ada and Richard soon fall in love with each other, and Richard, after various attempts at a profession, settles down to the study of law. He becomes absorbed entirely in the Jarndyce suit and begins to distrust his guardian, eventually sinking into a decline through worry and overwork. It is then that Ada secretly marries him. At last, when a new will is found, finally settling the great Chancery suit, it is discovered that the whole estate has been swallowed up in costs, and Richard Carstone dies of despair and mortification. The other strand of the story deals with Lady Dedlock, the beautiful and stately wife of Sir Leicester. In her early life she had had a liaison with Captain Hawdon, who, in the early chapters of the book, dies in extreme poverty. For years Lady Dedlock has thought her secret safe, but Guppy, the law clerk, gives her certain information proving that Esther Summerson is her natural daughter by Hawdon. Heartbroken and terrified, Lady Dedlock makes herself known to Esther and soon afterwards discovers that Mr. Tulkinghorn has also divined her secret. He threatens her with exposure, but before he can carry out this menace he is mysteriously murdered. Suspicion falls on Lady Dedlock, who flies from home. She is followed by Inspector Bucket and Esther, but is found dead near Hawdon's grave. There are various subsidiary interests centring round John Jarndyce and his proposal of marriage to Esther, followed by his renunciation in favour of Allan Woodcourt; round Mrs. Jellyby and her daughter Caddy; round Jo, the crossing sweeper, and his persecution by the authorities; round George, the scapegrace son of Mrs. Rouncewell, the Dedlock housekeeper. All these are worked into the theme which concludes with Esther's married happiness in the new Bleak House which John Jarndyce has given her and her husband.

  BLEAK HOUSE. Much discussion has raged around the identity of Bleak House. If Dickens had any particular place in his mind it was probably a house (since christened Bleak House) at the top of Gombard's Road, to the north of St. Albans. Bleak House, 3, 6, 8.

  BLEEDING HEART YARD. This yard, which takes its name from a public-house bearing the pre-reformation sign of the Bleeding Heart of Our Lady, is reached from Charles Street, Hatton Garden. It is now entirely different in character and appearance. Much of the property belonged to Casby, whose collector, Pancks, had the task of collecting the rents of the Yarders. There, also, were the works of Doyce and Clennam. Dorrit, I, 9, 12, 23; II, 33.

  "BLESS THE BABE and save the mother is my mortar, sir; but I makes so free as to add to that, Don't try no impogician with the Nuss, for she will not abear it." One of Mrs. Gamp's apothegms. Chuzzlewit, 40.

  BLIGH, CAPTAIN. The reference is to Admiral William Bligh (1754-1817), who was in command of the Bounty when her crew mutinied and set him adrift with eighteen men in the Indian Ocean, April 28, 1789. After seven weeks in an open boat they reached the island of Timor, near Java. The mutiny was caused by Bligh's harsh treatment of his men, and although his naval record was creditable, he was clearly a man of unbearable temper. Golden Mary; Long Voyage.

  BLIGHT, YOUNG. Eugene Wrayburn's office boy. See Young Blight.

  BLIMBER, DOCTOR. Principal of the school at Brighton to which Paul Dombey was sent. His establishment was "a great hothouse in which all the boys blew before their time. Mental green peas were produced at Christmas, and every description of Greek and Latin vegetable was got off the driest twigs of boys under the frostiest circumstances." In his pompous way he was kind enough to his pupils. He eventually resigned in favour of his son-in-law, Feeder, B.A. The original of Dr. Blimber was possibly a Dr. Everard, who kept a similar school at Brighton. It has been suggested that this school was Chichester House, Chichester Terrace. Mrs. Blimber was not learned, "but pretended to be, and that did quite as well." She said at evening parties that if she could have known Cicero she thought she could have died content. Dombey, 11, 12, 14,24,2 41, 60.
  Cornelia Blimber was their daughter. "None of your live languages for Miss Blimber. They must be dead-stone dead and then Miss Blimber dug them up like a ghoul." She married her father's assistant, Feeder, B.A. Dombey, 11, 12, 14, 41, 60.

  BLINDER. 1. Mrs., the motherly old woman in Bell Yard who took care of the Neckett children. Bleak House, 15, 47.
  2. Bill, was an old hostler who died in a stable and left his lantern to Mr. Tony Weller. Humphrey.

  BLINKINS. Latin master at Our School, whom the headmaster caught asleep one day while taking a class. Reprinted, Our School.

  BLOCKADE MEN. These were the fore runners of the coastguards and were organised at the conclusion of the Napoleonic wars, in 1816. To prevent smuggling a coast blockade system was introduced in Kent and Sussex, and it was the blockade men, patrolling the coast, that paused Cymon Tuggs and Belinda Waters as they were making platonic love. Boz, Tales, Tuggs. Reprinted, Our Watering Place.

  BLOCKITT, MRS. Mrs. Dombey's nurse, "a simpering piece of faded gentility, who did not presume to state her name as a fact, but merely offered it as a mild suggestion." Dombey, I.

  BLOCKSON, MRS. Charwoman to the Knags, who gave notice on account of having too much work and too little pay. Nickleby, 18.

  BLOGG. The Beadle who permitted Betty Higden to adopt Sloppy. Mutual Friend, I, 16.

  BLOOMSBURY SQUARE. This was formerly called Southampton Square, and was built in the latter half of the seventeenth century. Once a fashionable place of residence it has passed through various descending grades until it is now almost entirely devoted to offices. One of Master Humphrey's correspondents had a friend who had six times carried away every bell-handle in the Square (Humphrey). Its historical association with Lord Mansfield′s house, situated in the north-eastern corner of the square, is well described in Barnaby, 66, 77.

  BLOSS, MRS. A wealthy, fat, red-faced, vulgar widow who became a boarder at Mrs. Tibbs's. "I am constantly attended by a medical man," she remarked, "I have been a shocking unitarian for some time." She, or rather her money, became the object of much scheming in the boarding house, and she ended by marrying Gobler, another invalid, with whom she went to live in Newington Butts. Boz, Tales, Boarding House.

  BLOSSOM, LITTLE. Miss Trotwood's pet name for David Copperfield's wife, Dora.

  BLOTTON, MR., of Aldgate. He was the member of the Pickwick Club who called Mr. Pickwick a humbug, only using that opprobrious term, however, in its Pickwickian sense. Later he took considerable pains to discredit Mr. Pickwick's discovery of the ancient stone at Cobham. Pickwick, I, 11.

  BLOWERS. An emiment barrister. Bleak House, 1.

  BLUBB. Member of the Mudfog Association.

  BLUE BOAR INN. 1. The inn where Pip and Joe, with sundry friends, celebrated the signing of the indentures, and where Pip stayed on subsequent occasions when he went down to visit Miss Havisham. The original was the Bull at Rochester. (q,v.) Expectations, 13, 19, 28, 30, 43.
  2. The Blue Boar, Leadenhall Market, was one of Mr. Tony Weller's resorts, and while waiting for him there on the day before the trial, Sam wrote his famous valentine to Mary. It has been suggested that the original was the Green Dragon, in Bull's Head Passage, Gracechurch Street. There was, moreover, the Blue Boar in Aldgate (where David Copperfield alighted on his first visit to London, Copperfield, 6), a few doors on the left from Leadenhall Street. Slow coaches and waggons went from here to Ipswich three days a week. Pickwick, 33.

  BLUE DRAGON, THE. Village alehouse near Salisbury, kept by Mrs. Lupin, where old Martin Chuzzlewit was besieged by his rapacious relatives. When Mark Tapley married Mrs. Lupin he announced that the sign would be changed to the Jolly Tapley. The George at Amesbury and the Green Dragon at Alderbury, 8 m. N. and 3 m. S., respectively, of Salisbury, have been identified as the original of this inn, but the description is more likely composite of these houses, also recalling the Lion's Head at Winterslow, which lies 6 m. N.E. of the city. Chuzzlewit, 3, 53.

  BLUE LION INN, MUGGLETON. This was the scene of the dinner after the great All Muggleton v. Dingley Dell cricket match, and it was from here that Jingle hired a postchaise for the elopement with Miss Rachel Wardle. Pickwick, 7, 9.

  BLUE LION AND STOMACH WARMER INN. The Buff Hotel at Great Winglebury where Horace Hunter put up. Boz, Tales, Winglebury.

  BLUES AND BUFFS. Political parties at Eatanswill and violent opponents on every question. The Gazette was the organ of the Blues, the Independent that of the Buffs. "There were Blue shops and Buff shops, Blue inns and Buff inns — there was a Blue aisle and a Buff aisle in the very church itself." Blue and Buff were the colours adopted by the Conservative and Liberal parties respectively. Pickwick, 13, 61. Boz, Tales, Winglebury.

  BLUFFY. The name given by the young Bagnets to George, the trooper. (q.v.)

  BLUNDERBORE, CAPTAIN. An officer of the Horse Marines and an authority on equine matters. Mudfog Papers.

  BLUNDERSTONE. The little Suffolk village where David Copperfield was born and passed his early years. The name is a thin disguise for the village of Blundestone, which Dickens visited in 1848 while staying at Somerleyton Hall, near Lowestoft. The name, seen on a signpost, attracted his attention, and he adapted it for the novel he was then contemplating. Blundestone Hall was probably the original of the "Rookery," and the Plough Inn was "our little village alehouse" from which Barkis drove to Yarmouth. Copperfield, 1-4, 8-10.

  BLUNDERUM. Member of the Mudfog Association who contributed a paper "On the Last Moments of the Learned Pig."

  BOB. 1. Hostler at the Golden Cross. Boz, Scenes, 15.
  2. Turnkey of the Marshalsea Prison, who was Little Dorrit's godfather and earliest friend. He wished to leave her his money, but could find no means of tying it up, and so died intestate. Dorrit, I, 6, 7; II, 19.

  BOBBO. "The most generous of all the friends that ever were," a schoolboy in Jemmy Lirriper's story. Lirriper's Lodgings.

  BOBBY, LORD. A nobleman, the true circumstances of whose difference with the Marquis of Mizzler were known to Mr. Chuckster. Curiosity Shop, 40.

  BOBSTER, CECILIA. The pretty young lady whom Newman Noggs mistook for Madeleine Bray. He contrived a clandestine meeting, but at the very moment that Nicholas discovered the mistake, her father arrived, and Nicholas and Newman had only just time to make their escape. Nickleby, 40, 61.

  BOCKER, TOM. The nice orphan, "quite nineteen," whom Frank Milvey suggested that the Boffins might adopt. Mutual Friend, I, 9.

  BODGERS. Name on a tomb in Blunderstone Church. Copperfield, 2.

  BOFFER. A bankrupt on the Stock Exchange whose probable suicide was the subject of a bet between Wilkins Flasher and Frank Simmery. Pickwick, 55.

  BOFFIN, NICODEMUS or NODDY. "A broad, round-shouldered, one-sided old fellow" who had been confidential servant and foreman of the wealthy dust contractor, Harmon. On the supposed death of Harmon's son, Boffin had come into the property, some £100,000, hence his nickname of the Golden Dustman. He and his wife adopted Bella Wilfer, the girl whom the dead miser had destined to be his son's bride. Under the assumed name of Rokesmith, John Harmon, the son, entered Boffin's service as secretary, but the old couple soon recognised the lad whom they had befriended years before, and finally enable him to win Bella's love. An illiterate and unsuspecting old fellow, Boffin was imposed upon by Silas Wegg, who eventually tried to blackmail him by producing a later will than that by which Boffin benefited. But Wegg and his schemes were routed by John Harmon, who finally came into his own. The original of Noddy Boffin was probably Henry Dodd, a wellknown dust contractor of Roxton. Mutual Friend, I, 6, 8, 9, 15-17; II, 7, 8, 10, 14, 16; III, 4-7, 9, 12, 14, 15; IV, 2, 3, 12-14, 16.
  Mrs. Henrietta. Boffin, his wife, was "a stout lady of rubicund and cheerful aspect," described by her husband as a high-flyer at Fashion. She was a simple, sweet old lady, who proved a true friend to Bella Wilier. Mutual Friend, I, 6, 8, 9, 15-17; II, 8-10, 14; III, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12, 15, 16; IV, 2, 3, 12-14, 16.

  BOFFIN'S BOWER. This was the poetical name given by Mrs. Boffin to the house among the dustheaps where they lived before they came into the property, and where Wegg afterwards resided. It was situated about a mile and a quarter up Maiden Lane, now York Road. Mutual Friend, I, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15; II, 7, 14; III, 6, 7, 14, 15; IV, 3, 14.

  BOGLE, MRS. A boarding-house keeper, visited by bailiffs. Uncommercial, 6.

  BOGSBY, JAMES GEORGE. Landlord of the Sol's Arms. Bleak House, 33.

  BOILER, REV. BOANERGES. A powerful preacher who, with his fifthly, his sixthly, and his seventhly, appeared in the light of dismal and oppressive charade. Uncommercial, 9.

  BOKUM, MRS. The dearest friend of Mrs. MacStinger, who considered it her duty at that lady 's wedding to see that Captain Bunsby did not escape. Dombey, 60.

  BOLDER. One of Squeers's pupils, who was caned soundly because his father was £2 10s. short in his payments to Squeers. Nickleby, 7, 8.

  BOLDHEART, CAPTAIN. Pirate captain of the schooner The Beauty and hero of Robin Redforth's story of stirring deeds in China seas. Holiday Romance,

  BOLDWIG, CAPTAIN. "A little fierce man in a stiff black neckerchief and blue surtout," bursting with selfimportance. Mr. Pickwick fell asleep in his grounds after the shooting party with Wardle, and as, on being awakened, he could say nothing but "Cold punch," the captain had him taken to the village pound. Pickwick, 19.

  BOLO, MISS. A maiden lady "of an ancient and whistlike appearance" who was Mr. Pickwick's partner in a rubber at the Bath Pump Room. Owing to his bad play "Miss Bolo rose from the table considerably agitated and went straight home, in a flood of tears and a sedan chair." Pickwick, 35.

  BOLTER, MORRIS. Name assumed by Noah Claypole. (q.v.)

  BOLTON, ROBERT. "A gentleman connected with the Press . . . with a somewhat sickly and very dissipated expression of countenance." He laid down the law nightly to a circle of admirers at the Green Dragon, Westminster. Robert Bolton

  BOMPAS, SERGEANT. Original of Sergeant Buzfuz. (q.v.)

  BOND, MRS. Possibly a reference to the beauty practitioners of Bond Street who, at that time, had attained notoriety by using arsenic and other poisons in their concoctions. Copperfield, 22.

  BOND STREET. Since the middle of the eighteenth century this street has been the most fashionable shopping street in London, which explains why a family like the Maldertons should go there to shop (Boz, Tales, Sparkins). It was not far from Bond Street that Nicholas Nickleby had his tussle with Sir Mulberry Hawk (Nickleby, 32). Jenny Wren had an appointment in the street with two of her dolls on the morning when Lammle thrashed Fascination Fledgeby (Mutual Friend, III, 8). Cousin Feenix put up at Long's Hotel, at the corner of Clifford Street, when he came to England for his cousin's wedding to Mr. Dombey (Dombey, 31). See also Uncommercial, 16.

  BONES, MR. AND MRS. BANJO. A couple of comic favourites who entertained Mercantile Jack at Mr. Licensed Victualler's house. Uncommercial Traveller, 5.

  BONNEY. The promoter of The United Metropolitan Hot Muffin and Crumpet Baking and Punctual Delivery Company, capital five million pounds. Nickleby, 2.

  BOODLE, LORD. An eminent guest of Sir Leicester Dedlock. Bleak House, 12, 28.

  "BOOFER LADY." The name given by little Johnny, Mrs. Higden's orphan, to Bella Wilfer when she went to visit him in the hospital. Mutual Friend, II, 9.

  BOOKSTALL KEEPER. Proprietor of the stall where Mr. Brownlow was standing when his pocket was picked. He insisted on Mr. Fang listening to his evidence in Oliver Twist's favour, Oliver Twist, 11.

  BOOT, ALFRED. Original of Cheeryble's butler, David. (q.v.)

  BOOT INN, THE. At the time of the Gordon Riots this old alehouse was situated among the fields and was already of bad repute. It was the headquarters of the rioters. The district was built over in the early nineteenth century, and the present Boot, 116 Cromer Street, stands on or near the site of the earlier house. Barnaby, 38, 49, 52, 60.

  BOOTJACK AND COUNTENANCE INN. One of the houses at Oldcastle where certain members of the Mudfog Association put up.

  BOOTS. The servant at the Holly Tree Inn. See Cobbs.

  BOOTS AND BREWER. Two toadies of the Veneerings who were guests at all their functions. They served as a kind of foolish chorus to everything said at the table. Mutual Friend, I, 2, 10; II, 3, 16; III, 17; IV, 17.

  BOOZEY, WILLIAM. Captain of the fore-top on the pirate schooner The Beauty. Holiday Romance.

  BOOZLE. An actor who declined a part in one of the Surrey Theatre melodramas. Sketches of Gentlemen (Theatrical).

  BORE, OUR. Subject of the sketch of the same name, who "may put fifty people out of temper, but he keeps his own." Reprinted, Our Bore.

  BOROUGH, THE. This part of London was so closely associated with the early days of Charles Dickens that in one way or another it is frequently mentioned in his writings. It was at the old White Hart Inn, Borough, that Mr. Pickwick first met Sam Weller (Pickwick, 10); while later he visited Bob Sawyer in Lant Street (Chapter 32). The earlier portion of Little Dorrit centres round the Marshalsea Prison, Borough. The various localities are treated separately under their respective headings.

  BOROUGHBRIDGE. The Yorkshire town, on the main road N.W. of Knaresborough, through which Nicholas passed on his way to London after having thrashed Squeers. Nickleby, 13.

  BORRIOBOOLA GHA. A spot on the left bank of the Niger, whither Mrs. Jellyby and her society were sending families to cultivate the coffee and educate the natives. Bleak House, 4.

  BORUM, MRS. A patroness of the stage who, with her husband and six children, usually took a box to see the Crummles plays. Nickleby, 24.

  BOSWELL COURT. One of the Fleet Street courts, and the residence of Mr. Loggins, the solicitor who was invited to the Steam Excursion. Boz, Tales, Steam Excursion.

  BOTTLE. "Leave the bottle on the chimley piece, and don't ask me to take none, but let me put my lips to it when I am so dispoged." A condition laid down by Mrs. Gamp before undertaking a case. Chuzzlewit, 19.

  BOTTLE-NOSED NED. The nickname of Edward Twigger. (q.v.) Tulrumble.

  BOTTLES. A deaf stableman, "kept as a phenomenon of moroseness not to be matched in England." The Haunted House.

  BOUCLET, MADAME. Landlady of Langley, the Englishman who adopted little Bebelle. Somebody's Luggage.

  BOULOGNE. This French seaport was a favourite residence of such as fled from the importunities of their creditors; hence it became the home of Mrs. Maplesone and her daughter after the disappearance of Mr. Septimus Hicks (Boz, Tales, Boarding House). The arrival of the packet at Boulogne is well described in Reprinted, A Flight. Roger Cly swore to having seen Charles Darnay show certain lists to other suspects at Boulogne. Two Cities, II, 3.

  BOUNDERBY, JOSIAH. Banker and manufacturer of Coketown who prided himself on having risen from the gutter. "A man made out of coarse material," he had neither refinement of mind nor manners. He married Louisa Gradgrind, a high spirited girl much his junior, and when she fled from his home to escape the attentions of Harthouse, cast her off forever. Towards the end of the novel it transpires that, far from being self-made and risen from the gutter, Bounderby was the son of a hard working woman, Mrs. Pegler, who had scraped and saved to give him an education and whom he conveniently forgot, when he rose in the world, except for paying her a small annuity to keep out of the way. Hard Times, I, 3-9, 11, 12, 14- 16; II, 1-12; III, 2-9.
  Louisa, his wife, was a pretty girl, of a strong character which had been repressed and soured by her father's stern training. Her whole life was mellowed, however, by love for her graceless brother Tom, for whose sake she sacrificed herself to Bounderby. A stranger to all girlish sentiments and experiences, she was easily carried away by the consideration and attentions paid her by James Harthouse, but when he actually declared his love her better feelings gained the day, and she fled to her father for the protection which her husband was too selfish and callous to afford. Her return had the effect of softening Mr. Gradgrind, and showing him that there are other things in life than common sense. Bounderby refusing to have his wife back except on the most humiliating terms, Louisa remained with her father. Hard Times, I, 3, 4, 7-9, 14-16; II, 1-3, 5- 1 2; III, 1-9.

  BOW. Until well on into the 50's Bow or Stratford at Bow was little more than a large village clustered round the Mile End Road. Here it was that the Nickleby's settled down in the nice little cottage rented to them by the Cheerybles, and next door to the amorous old gentleman in Small Clothes. Nickleby, 35.

  BOWES. Original of Dotheboys Hall. (q.v.)

  BOWLEY, SIR JOSEPH. A violent philanthropist who said to Trotty Veck, "I am the Poor Man's Friend. I am your perpetual parent. Feel the dignity of labour. Go forth erect into the cheerful morning air and stop there." His lady was of similar bountiful nature, having introduced pinking and eyelet-hole making as an evening pastime for the men and boys of the village. Chimes.

  BOW STREET. The associations of this street centre round the police court, which is the chief of the Metropolitan courts. The present building was erected in 1881, and replaced the old court which had been established in 1749. It was therefore, to the old court that the following references point. At the time of the Gordon Riots the blind magistrate, Sir John Fielding, presided over the courts (Barnaby, 58, 77). The removal of prisoners is described in Boz, Characters, 12, and the best picture of the court is that given in the account of the Dodger's appearance before the magistrate (Twist, 43). Mr. Snevellicci lived in Broad Court, by the aide of the police station. Nickleby, 30.

  BOW STREET RUNNERS. Commonly known as Robin Redbreasts, on account of the scarlet waistcoats they wore, these officials attached to the central police court were the only detectives in existence until the formation of the present police force in 1829, though it was not until 1842 that the Criminal Investigation Department was established. Although competent and brave men, the Bow Street runners were too few in number to be really effective, while the lack of any kind of police organisation to assist them seriously hampered their investigations. Messrs. Blathers and Duff (Twist, 31) can hardly be taken as fair examples of such a force, and it must be confessed that considerable difficulties lay in the path of the runners sent down to investigate the attack on Pip's sister Expectations, 16.

  "BOW-WOWS." "Gone to the demnition bow-wows," was one of Mr. Mantalini's phrases. Nickleby, 04.

  BOWYER, SAM'L. A former inmate of the workhouse. Reprinted, Walk in the Workhouse.

  BOXER. John Peerybingle's dog. Cricket on the Hearth.

  BOY AT MUGBY. The precocious lad who served in the Refreshment Room at Mugby Junction. He related the endeavours of the staff to keep up the reputation of the Refreshment Room for "never having yet refreshed a mortal being." His name was Ezekiel, Mugby Junction.

  BOYTBORN, LAWRENCE. The friend and old schoolfellow of John Jarndyce, "a handsome old gentleman, with a massive grey head, a fine composure of face and a smile of much sweetness and tenderness. He was always in extremes, always in the superlative degree." He was a neighbour of Sir Leicester Dedlock, with whom he waged continual warfare over rights of way. For all his exaggeration and ferocity, Boythom was tender-hearted and gentle as a woman. The character was founded upon Walter Savage Landor, an old and esteemed friend of Dickens and the godfather of his second son. Bleak House, 9, 12, 13, 15, 18, 23, 35, 36, 43, 66.

  BOZ. The pen-name by which Dickens first attained fame. "Boz was a very familiar household word to me, long before I was an author, and so I came to adopt it." According to the preface to Pickwick it was the pet name of his youngest brother, Augustus, whom, in honour of the Vicar of Wakefield, he had dubbed Moses, which, being facetiously pronounced through the nose became Boses, and being shortened, Boz. Dickens first used it for a signature to the second part of the Boarding House, which appeared in the Monthly Magazine, August, 1834; most of the sketches as they appeared periodically bore the signature which was eventually applied to the bound volume. The monthly parts of Pickwick were also published under the name of Boz.

  BRADFORD, JONATHAN. The subject of a book which acquired great popularity in its time, "Jonathan Bradford, or the Murder at the Roadside Inn, a romance by the author of The Hebrew Maiden." It appeared in 1851. Holly Tree.

  BRAHAM, JOHN. (1774-1856.) He was a noter of some repute, who sang at Covent Garden and Drury Lane. He played Squire Norton in The Village Coquettes at the St. James's, December, 1836. Sketches of Gentlemen (Theatrical).

  BRANDLEY, MRS. The widow with whom Estella boarded at Richmond. She was an old friend of Miss Havisham and had a daughter a few years older than Estella. Expectations, 38.

  BRASS. Sampson was "an attorney of no very good repute . . . with a cringing manner, whose blandest smiles were so extremely forbidding that to have had his company under the least repulsive circumstances, one would have wished him to scowl." He was Quilp's legal adviser and tool, employed by him to carry out his designs on Nell and the Grandfather, on Dick Swiveller and Kit Nubbles. Unlike his sister he was secretly terrified of Quilp, whose boisterous bullying eventually goaded Brass into turning evidence against him. For his part in the plot against Kit Sampson he was sent to penal servitude, and finally appears with his sister as a pariah of the London streets. The Brasses lived in Bevis Marke (probably No. 10), and let rooms to the Single Gentleman (Curiosity Shop, 11-13, 33-8, 49, 51, 56-60, 62-4, 66, 67, 73). Sally, his sister, "clerk, assistant, housekeeper, confidential plotter, adviser, intriguer . . . and a kind of Amazon at common law," was a lady of thirty-five or thereabouts. She was the better partner of the shady firm, bold and unscrupulous where her brother was cringing and cunning. She had a little drudge called by Dick Swiveller the Marchioness, who, it is inferred was her natural child by Quilp. When her brother turned evidence against the latter Sally stood out to the last and gave Quilp warning of what had happened. Curiosity Shop, 33, 37, 50, 51, 56- 60, 62-4, 66, 67, 73.

  BRASS AND COPPER FOUNDER. Ruth Pinch's employer, a middle-aged gentleman with a pompous voice and manner who treated his daughter's governess as a servant. Chuzzlewit, 9, 36.

  BRAVASSA, MISS. A member of the Crummles company, "who had once had her likeness taken in character by an engraver's apprentice. Nickleby, 23-5, 29.

  BRAY, MADELEINE. The beautiful girl with whom Nicholas Nickleby fell in love when he first saw her at an employment agency. Some time later he was employed by the Cheerybles to render her certain financial aid, her mother having been an old friend of Charles Cheeryble. Unknown to any but old Gride, the miser, Madeleine was heiress to a considerable fortune, and with the assistance of Ralph Nickleby the old rogue persuaded Madeleine's father to consent to his marriage with the young girl. On the wedding day, however, Bray fell down dead, and in spite of Gride's opposition, Nicholas took Madeleine to the shelter of his mother's home, and eventually married her. Madeleine Bray is one of the somewhat colourless heroines founded upon Maria Hogarth (q.v.). Nickleby, 16, 40, 46-8, 51-7, 61, 63-5.
  Walter Bray, her invalid father, was an utterly selfish unscrupulous bankrupt, who lived in the Rules of the King's Bench Prison. Nickleby and Gride were his principal creditors, and to gain his freedom he agreed to the monstrous plan of making Madeleine marry the latter. His timely death saved her from this awful fate. Nickleby, 46, 47, 53, 54.

  BREAK-NECK-STAIRS. Riverside steps leading from "a courtyard diverging from a steep, a slippery and a winding street connecting Tower Street with the Middlesex shore of the Thames." No Thoroughfare.

  BREAK OF DAY INN. The obscure cabaret in Chalons-sur-Saone, where Rigaud took shelter on his way from Marseilles. Dorrit, I, 11.

  BRENTFORD. Now the county town of Middlesex and a busy manufacturing place, there is little to show that Brentford was once a favourite resort of Londoners. Oliver Twist and Bill Sikes passed through it on their weary tramp to the scene of the burglary (Twist, 21); Compeyson, the swindler who led Magwitch into crime, had a house near there (Expectations, 42). In one of "the complicated back settlements of muddy Brentford" lived Betty Higden, and there she was visited by Mrs. Boffin, Bella Wilfer and the Secretary, who left their carriage at the Three Magpies Inn, an obvious reference to the famous Three Pigeons Inn, closed in 1916. Mutual Friend, I, 16; II, 9.

  BREWER. A toady of the Veneerings. See Boots.

  BRICK, JEFFERSON. War correspondent of the New York Rowdy Journal, a very self-important young man, who was perfectly convinced "that the aristocratic circles of England quailed before the name of Jefferson Brick." His wife, "a sickly little girl with tight round eyes," was of an intellectual turn of mind and despite the care of her two small children, found time to attend lectures on the Philosophy of the Soul, the Philosophy of Crime; the Philosophy of Vegetables, etc. Chuzzlewit, 16, 17.

  BRICK LANE. The meeting-place of the United Grand Junction Ebenezer Temperance Association has been identified at the back of No. 160 Brick Lane, Whitechapel, and is now a Mission Hall, still reached by a wooden ladder. Pickwick, 33.

  BRICKMAKER, THE. A sullen labourer and the husband of Jenny, whom he ill treated. It was to his hovel that Lady Dedlock went in her flight. Bleak House, 8, 22, 31, 57.

  BRIEG. This Swiss town, at the foot of the Simplon Pass, was the starting-place for Vendale and Obenreizer in their fateful journey across the mountains. Vendale and Marguerite were subsequently married there. No Thoroughfare.

  BRIGGS. 1. Mr. and Mrs. Briggs, friends of the Egotistical Young Couple.
  2. Mrs. Briggs "was a widow with three daughters and two sons; Mr. Samuel, the eldest, was an attorney; and Mr. Alexander, the youngest, was under articles to his brother. They lived in Portland Street and moved in the same orbit as the Tauntons, hence their mutual dislike." The whole family were invited to the Steam Excursion, and the daughters, Miss Julia and Kate, did their utmost to outshine the Misses Taunton. Boz, Tales, Excursion.
  3. Master Briggs was a pupil at Dr. Blimber's school. Dombey, 12, 14, 41, 60.

  BRIGHTON. This town has many associations with Dickens, beginning with a visit in 1837, when he was busy on Oliver Twist. Four years later he went there again and put up at the Old Ship Hotel, in the King's Road, where he worked on Barnaby Rudge. He returned in 1847, 1848, when he stayed at the Bedford Hotel, 1849, 1850, 1853, when he was working at Bleak House, and again in 1861. The Tuggs contemplated going to Brighton, but were deterred by the number of accidents to Brighton coaches (Boz, Tales, Tuggs). After the fatal duel, Sir Mulberry Hawk and Westwood sped to Brighton and thence crossed to France (Nickleby, 50). Old Mr. Turveydrop had been noticed by the Prince Regent when that august being had driven out of the Pavilion (Bleak House, 14). Our chief interest in the place lies, however, in its connection with the Dombeys. See Bedford Hotel. Dombey, 8, 10-12, 14, 41, 59, 60.

  BRIGHTON TIPPER. Mrs. Camp's favourite ale was made at the brewery of Thomas Tipper, of Newhaven. It was a very strong ale. Chuzzlewit, 25.

  BRIG PLACE. "On the brink of a little canal near the India Docks," Brig Place was the residence of Captain Cuttle, who lived in Mrs. MacStinger's first floor. Dombey, 9, 15, 23, 25, 60.

  BRIMER. Fifth mate of the East Indiaman Halsewell (q.v.). Reprinted, Long Voyage.

  BRISTOL. Dickens's personal connection with this city dated from 1835, when he was sent thither to report Lord John Russell's election speeches. He lodged at the Bush Tavern (demolished in 1864), which stood in Corn Street, on the site now occupied by Lloyd's Bank. It was to this same Bush Tavern that Mr. Winkle fled from Dowler'e vengeance, and there Mr. Pickwick stayed when he went to break the news of Arabella Allen's marriage to Winkle. Nearby was that most wonderful of all surgeries, "Sawyer late Nockemorf." Pickwick, 38, 39, 48, 50.

  BRITAIN, BENJAMIN. The manservant of Dr. Jeddler, "a small man with an uncommonly sour and discontented face." His view of life may be summed up in his own words: "I don't know anything; I don't care for anything; I don't make out any thing; I don't believe anything; and I don't want anything." He married Clemency Newcome and became host of "The Nutmeg Grater" lnn, where he was known as Little Britain. The Battle of Life.

  BRITANNIA THEATRE, BOXTON. This is now a variety house, but it was for many years the home of melodrama of a very lurid description. It was visited and described in Uncommercial, 4.

  BRITISH MUSEUM LIBRARY. The present Reading Room, beneath its magnificent dome, was built in the then Quadrangle in 1857. Before then the reading-room was what is now known as the Long Room, at the N.E. corner, approached through the King's Library. It then had an entrance from Montague Street. It was wholly inadequate for housing the books, and there was little accommodation for students. Dickens was a constant reader in the old reading-room, which is mentioned in Boz, Characters, 10.

  BRITTLES. Man-of-all-work at Mrs. Maylie's, "who entered her service a mere child and was treated as a promising young boy, though he was something past thirty." Twist, 28-31, 53.

  BRIXTON. In the early nineteenth century this was a country suburb, where resided the "comfortably-off" middle class business men, who kept their carriages and were proud of their flower gardens. Typical of such establishments was that of Wilkins Flasher, Esq. (Pickwick, 55). Mr. Pickwick carried out researches in Brixton, though of what nature we are not told (Chapter 1). In Brixton is the tomb of Dr. Jobling's unfortunate friend who died of shock on learning the actual position of his stomach (Chuzzlewit, 27), while it was among the eligible bachelors of Brixton that the Misses Malderton hoped to secure husbands. Boz, Tales, Sparkins.

  BROBITY, MISS. The lady who kept a school at Cloisterham and was so overcome by admiration of Mr. Sapsea that she consented to become his wife. When he proposed, she could only say, "Oh, Thou!" The inscription on her tomb will be found in the article on Sapsea. Drood, 4.

  BROGLEY. Broker and appraiser, of Bishopsgate Street Without, who entered into possession at the Wooden Midshipman. On his return from abroad Walter Gay put up at Brogley's, while Florence was living at the Midshipman. Dombey, 9, 48, 49.

  BROGSON. A guest of Octavius Budden. Boz, Tales, Minns.

  BROOK DINGWALL, CORNELIUS. A pompous M.P. who lived in the Adelphi. He put his daughter Lavinia to school with the Misses Crumpton, whence she eloped with Theodosius Butler. Boz, Tales, Sentiment.

  BROOKER. A former clerk and confidant of Ralph Nickleby, who, after serving a sentence of transportation, returned a beggar and attempted to extract money from his old master. Years previously he had been entrusted with Ralph's only child, and, taking him to a Yorkshire school, had there left him under the name of Smike, though reporting to Ralph that the child was dead. Nickleby, 44, 58, 60, 61.

  BROOKS. 1. Friend of Sam Weller's and a pieman who kept a number of oats which he made into pies. "I seasons 'em for beef steak, weal, or kidney 'cordin' to the demand." Pickwick, 19.
  2. One of the five occupants of a bed at Dotheboys Hall. Nickleby, 7.
  3. Brooks, of Sheffield, was the name by which Murdstone alluded to David Copper field when discussing him with his friends. The allusion is to a well-known Sheffield cutler named Brooke. Copperfield, 2, 10.

  BROOKS'S CLUB. This fashionable club, to which Cousin Feenix belonged (Dombey, 41), was founded in 1764, and still occupies its original home at 60 St. James's Street. From its earliest days it has been associated with the Liberal party.

  BROOK STREET. In this fashionable street, running from New Bond Street to Grosvenor Square, lived Mrs. Skewton in a house borrowed from the Feenix family (Dombey, 30); and in the same house Florence went to see Edith and received her last message to Mr. Dombey (Chapter 61). On his brief visit to England Mr. Dorrit stayed at an hotel in Brook Street (Dorrit, II, 16). The Uncommercial Traveller (16) remarked that in Arcadian London's summer the hotels in Brook Street wore empty.

  BROUGHAM, LORD. Original of Pott. (q.v.)

  BROWDIE, JOHN. A corn factor near Dotheboys Hall, and a big, burly Yorkshire man with an enormous appetite. After a passing fit of jealousy occasioned by Nicholas's thoughtless attentions to Matilda Price, Drowdie's fiancée, he proved a good friend to the young man and helped him get away from Dotheboys after the thrashing of Squeers. On his wedding trip to London, John Browdie contrived the escape of Smike, who had fallen into the schoolmaster's hands, and after his engagement to Madeleine, Nicholas went down to Yorkshire to tell his old friend the good news. It was Browdie who saved Mrs. Squeers and her family from the vengeance of the boys when the school was broken up. Nickleby, 9, 13, 39, 42, 43, 45, 64.

  BROWN. 1. Good Mrs. Brown was the name adopted by the mother of Alice Marwood, when she kidnapped Florence Dombey. With an indefinite idea of black mailing her daughter's betrayer, James Carker, she spied on him through Rob the Grinder, and after his flight was able to direct Mr. Dombey to the trysting-place at Dijon. Dombey, 6, 27, 34, 40, 46, 62, 68.
  2. Mrs. Brown was landlady of one of the paupers. Boz, Our Parish, 1.
  3. Three Miss Browns laid in wait for the curate. Boz, Our Parish, 2, 6.
  4. The near-sighted violoncello player in the amateur orchestra at the Gattleton's theatricals. Boz, Tales, Porter.
  5. The beau of a young lady on the Margate boat. Boz, Scenes, 10.
  6. Emily, the cause of the Great Winglebury duel, triumphantly carried off by Horace Hunter. Boz, Tales, Winglebury Duel.
  7. Member of the Mudfog Association.
  8. Brown of Muggleton was the maker of Miss Rachel Wardle's shoes. Pickwick, 10.
  9. A corporal in the East Indies and friend of Mrs. Nubbles. Curiosity Shop, 21.
  10. Conversation Brown was a friend of Cousin Feenix and a four bottle man at the Treasury Board. Dombey, 61.
  11. One of Mrs. Lemon's pupils. Holiday Romance.

  BROWNDOCK, MISS. Mr. Nickleby's cousin's sister-in-law, who won a ten thousand pound prize in a lottery. Nickleby, 17.

  BROWNE, HABLOT KNIGHT. (1815-82.) Better known under his name of Phiz, this artist succeeded Seymour in the illustration of Pickwick Papers, his first work appearing in Part III. In turn he illustrated Nickleby, Curiosity Shop (part), Barnaby (part), Chuzzlewit, Dombey, Copperfield, Bleak House, Dorrit and Two Cities.

  BROWNLOW, MR. The benefactor and unfailing friend of Oliver Twist. When Oliver was accused of picking his pocket, Mr. Brownlow believed the child's story, and after a remarkable scene with Mr. Fang, the magistrate, took the boy to his home. Despite the bad impression created by Oliver's disappearance and discovery again on the night of the attempted burglary at Mrs. Maylie's, Brownlow maintained his belief in the lad and devoted himself to establishing his identity as Leeford's brother and Rose Maylie's nephew. Mr. Brownlow eventually adopted Oliver Twist as his son. Twist, 10-12, 14, 15, 17, 32, 41, 46, 49, 51-3.

  BROWNRIGG. Young Brownrigg, to whom the facetious boarders at Todgers's likened Bailey, Junior (Chuzzlewit, 9), was the son of the infamous Elizabeth Brownrigg, who was hanged for the ill-treatment and murder of her girl apprentice, Mary Clifford. The husband and son were both implicated in the charge, and all three were tried at the Old Bailey, September 2, 1767. The mother was executed a few days later.

  BRYANSTONE SQUARE. The somewhat vague direction of Mr. Dombey's house is given as being in a "dreadfully genteel street in the region between Portland Place and Bryanstone Square." Dombey 3.

  BUCKET, INSPECTOR. A detective officer employed by Mr. Tulkinghorn to unravel the mystery of Lady Dedlock's secret visit with Jo to Hawdon's grave. Placed in charge of the investigation following Mr. Tulkinghorn's murder, with the aid of his wife, a lady of natural detective genius, he built up the evidence against Hortense. On Lady Dedlock's light Sir Leicester employed Bucket to trace her, and this he did, taking Esther with him. Finally he wrested the fateful Jarndyce will from Grandfather Smallweed, and was thus instrumental in settling for ever the great case of Jarndyce and Jarndyce. Inspector Bucket was based upon Inspector Field (q.v.). Bleak House, 22, 24, 25, 46, 47, 49, 53, 54, 56, 57, 59, 61, 62.

  BUCKINGHAM STREET. This is one of the streets by the Adelphi, and is ever memorable on account of Mrs. Crupp, David's landlady, who lived at York House, No. 15, since demolished. Dickens had rooms here about 1834. Copperfield, 23-6, 28, 34, 35, 37.

  BUCKLERSBURY. This short street, running out of Cheapside, almost opposite Old Jewry, was long noted for its eating houses, one of which is graphically described in Boz, Characters, 1.

  BUCKSTONE, J. B. This popular comedian and playwright first appeared at the Surrey in 1823, and was an immediate success. He managed the Haymarket, 1853-76, and wrote several famous pieces, notably Green Bushes and The Flowers of the Forest. He invented the one time popular comic way of speaking out of the corner of the mouth. Sketches of Gentlemen (Theatrical).

  BUD, ROSA. A girl at Miss Twinkleton's school. Her father and Edwin Drood's father had been close friends for many years, and by her father's will she was to marry Edwin as soon as she came of age. Before that time, however, both had realised that they did not truly love each other, and they parted on the understanding that henceforward they would be no more than brother and sister. The next day Edwin disappeared. John Jasper, who had long terrified Rosa by his evil attentions, made a passionate appeal to the girl:—
  "There is my peace; there is my despair. Stamp them into the dust; so that you take me, were it even mortally hating me." Horrified at the man's passion and violence, Rosa fled to her guardian, Mr. Grewgious, who saw to her safety in London. Where the story closes there is the suggestion that she and Bob Tartar are falling in love. Drood, 2, 3, 7-9, 11, 13, 15, 19-23.

  BUDDEN, OCTAVIUS. The cousin of Mr. Minns, who "having realised a moderate fortune by exercising the trade of a corn chandler, had purchased a cottage in the vicinity of Stamford Hill, whither he had retired with the wife of his bosom and his only son, Master Alexander Augustus Budden." His visit from his cousin Minns forms the subject of Dickens's first story. Boz, Tales, Minns.

  BUDGER, MRS. A little old widow to whom Dr. Slammer was paying his addresses at the Rochester Ball when Jingle came along and out him out. Pickwick, 2.

  BUFFER, DR. A Member of the Mudfog Association.

  BUFFERS. Certain nameless guests of the Veneerings. Mutual Friend, I, 2, 10; III, 17.

  BUFFLE. The tax-collector whose business manner enraged Major Jackman. When Buffle's house was burned to the ground the Major rescued him from the flames, and a firm friendship was cemented between them. Mrs. Buffle assumed unwarranted airs on account of keeping a one-horse "pheayton." Lirriper's Legacy.

  BUFFS. One of the political parties at Eatanswill. See Blues.

  BUFFUM, OSCAR. Spokesman of the deputation which arranged the le-vee in Elijah Pogram's honour. Chuzzlewit, 34.

  BUFFY, WILLIAM. A friend of Sir Leicester Dedlock and a member of the Government. Bleak House, 12, 28, 53, 58, 66.

  BULDER, COLONEL. Head of the Rochester garrison. With his wife and daughter he was present at the ball held at the Bull, and later commanded the troops at the review. Pickwick, 2, 4.

  BULE, MISS. The young lady of eight or nine who took the lead in society at Miss Griffin's school. The Haunted House.

  BULL, PRINCE, The antagonist of Prince Bear, and typifying England in the Crimean War allegory. Reprinted, Prince Bear and Prince Bull.

  BULL INN. 1. Mrs. Gamp's "Bull in Holborn" was an old-established inn and coach office at 121 Holborn, on the right hand side of the street going from Farringdon Street. The site is now occupied by Messrs. Gamage's premises. Chuzzlewit, 25, 29.
  2. The Bull and Victoria Inn, Rochester, more commonly known as the Bull, was the first place the Pickwickians put up at on their journey, and the scene of the ball where Jingle brought such disgrace on the Club coat. The house is full of Pickwickian memories, that great man's room being No. 17, Tupman's No. 13, and Winkle's No. 19 (Pickwick, 2). The Bull is also the original of the Blue Boar of Expectations (q.v.) and of the Winglebury Arms in Boz. (q.v.)
  3. The Bull, Whitechapel, was a principal starting-place for the East Anglican coaches, and thence it was that Mr. Weller, Senior, drove the Pickwickians and Mr. Peter Magnus on their fateful journey to Ipswich. It was demolished in 1868, and the site is now occupied by Aldgate Avenue. Pickwick, 20, 22.

  BULLAMY. Porter employed by the Anglo-Bengalee Assurance Company. He was "a wonderful creature, in a vast red waistcoat and a short-tailed pepper-and-salt coat." When the crash came after Tigg Montague's murder, Bullamy and Crimple decamped with all the available money. Chuzzlewit, 27, 51.

  BULLDOGS, THE UNITED. The name taken by the Society of Prentice Knights when the indentures of the older members expired. Barnaby, 36.

  BULLFINCH. The friend with whom the Uncommercial Traveller visited Namelesston and partook of an "ill-served, ill-appointed, ill-cooked, nasty little dinner." Uncommercial Traveller, 32.

  BULLMAN. Plaintiff in the case of Bullman and Ramsey. Pickwick, 20.

  BULLOCK. Defendant in a Doctors' Commons case. Copperfield, 29.

  BULL'S-EYE. "A white shaggy dog, with his face scratched and torn in twenty different places," belonging to Bill Sikes. Twist, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 39, 48, 50.

  BULPH. A pilot at whose house, in St. Thomas Street, Vincent Crummles and his family put up during their visit to Ports mouth. It is supposed that Bulph's house, which "sported a boatgreen door, with window frames of the same colour," was No. 78. Nickleby, 23, 30.

  BUMBLE. Beadle of the workhouse where Oliver Twist was born, and a character which proved one of the most potent of Dickens's weapons for the destruction of certain social evils. Ever since the description was first published the name Bumble has been synonymous with officious officialdom. Having neglected and ill-treated Oliver until the lad ran away, Bumble was officially anxious for his recovery. Enamoured of Mrs. Corney's "six teaspoons, a pair of sugar-tongs, and a milk-pot, with a small quantity of second-hand furniture and twenty pounds in ready money," he married that lady, then the matron of the workhouse. But she immediately took command of affairs, and although Bumble became master of the workhouse, he was never master of his own house. Bumble and his wife were eventually disgraced by the efforts of Mr. Brownlow and ended their days in the workhouse of which they had once had charge. Twist, 2-5, 7, 17, 23, 27, 37, 38, 51, 53.

  BUMPLE, MICHAEL. Promoter in the case at Doctors' Commons of Bumple against Sludberry, Bumple being summoned for brawling by saying at a vestry meeting, "You be blowed" to Sludberry. Boz, Scenes, 8.

  BUNG. Formerly a broker's roan and eventually the successful candidate for the office of beadle. Boz, Our Parish, 4, 6.

  BUN HOUSE, CHELSEA. The old Bun House, next door but two to which lived Mr. Bucket's aunt (Bleak House, 53), stood at the end of Jews' Row, now Pimlico Road, opposite the barracks. It was demolished in 1839. In command of his section of the Royal East London Volunteers, Gabriel Varden marched to the Bun House during the regimental evolutions. Barnaby, 42.

  BUNKIN, MRS. A friend of Mrs. Sanders and "a lady which clear starched." Pickwick, 34.

  BUHSBY, CAPTAIN JACK. Skipper of the Cautious Clara, a "bulkhead — human and very large — with one stationary eye in the mahogany face, and one revolving one, on the principle of some lighthouses." He was considered a fount of wisdom by his friend Cuttle, but his sagacity expressed itself after the following style: "My name's Jack Bunsby. And what I says I stands to. Whereby, why not? If so, what odds? Can any man say otherwise? No. Avast then." He left to his hearers the responsibility of interpreting his meaning, remarking, "The bearings of this observation lays in the application on it." Bunsby rescued Captain Cuttle from Mrs. MacStinger, but at the cost of his own liberty, for that masterful woman ended by marrying him. Dombey, 15, 23, 39, 60.

  BURGESS AND CO. Tailors to Mr. Toots, "fash'nable but very dear." Dombey, 12, 18, 41, 48.

  BURKE. William Burke and William Hare were murderers and body-snatchers who carried on their vile trade in Edinburgh. After killing at least fifteen persons and selling their bodies, Hare turned evidence against Burke, who was hanged, January 28, 1829. Hare died in London, a blind beggar, about 1860.

  BURNETT. 1. Fanny, Dickens's sister, original of Fanny Dorrit. (q.v.)
  2. Harry, her son, original of little Paul Dombey. (q.v.)
  3. Henry, her husband, original of Nicholas Nickleby. (q.v.)

  BURTON, THOMAS. Convert to teetotalism whose case was mentioned at the Brick Lane temperance meeting. Pickwick, 33.

  BURY ST. EDMUNDS. Described as "a handsome little town of thriving appearance," This ancient West Suffolk town has changed but little since the days when Mr. Pickwick and Sam Weller alighted at the Angel from the Eatanswill coach. It was there that Job Trotter first appeared upon the scene and sent Mr. Pickwick on a fool's errand to Westgate House, the young ladies' seminary kept by Miss Tomkins, and since identified as Southgate House (Pickwick, 15, 16). Little Mr. Chillip, the doctor, settled down near Bury, where he had for neighbours Mr. and Miss Murdstone (Copperfield, 60). The never-finished story of Mr. Gabriel Parsons centred round an adventure of his at Bury (Boz, Tales, Tottle); finally the Uncommercial Traveller (23) considered London dull beside a "bright little town like Bury St. Edmunds."

  BUSH INN, BRISTOL. This was where Mr. Winkle put up after his precipitate flight from Bath, and where Mr. Pickwick stayed on his subsequent visits to the town. The inn, which belonged to the coach proprietor, Moses Pickwick, stood in Corn Street, near the Guildhall. It was demolished in 1864, and the Wiltshire Bank (now absorbed in Lloyds) was built on its site. Pickwick, 38, 39, 48, 50.

  BUSS, ROBERT WILLIAM. On the death of Seymour this painter was commissioned to illustrate Pickwick, and he contributed two plates to Part III. His work was not liked, and he was succeeded by H. K. Browne, who supplied two drawings to replace Buss's in the bound edition.

  "BUT BEEF IS RARE." From Don Juan, Canto II, Stanza, 154. Boz, Tales, Boarding House.

  BUTCHER, THE YOUNG. The terror of the youth of Canterbury and especially bully of Dr. Strong's boys. Copperfield, 18, 60.

  BUTCHER, WILLIAM. The Chartist, who explained to William the laws of society governing the poor. Reprinted, Poor Man's Patent.

  BUTLER. 1. The Veneerings' servant, known as the Analytical Chemist. (q.v.)
  2. The staid old butler of the Cheeryble Brothers, named David. (q.v.)
  3. Dr. Blimbers's butler, "in a blue coat and bright buttons, who gave quite a winey flavour to the table beer; he poured it out so superbly." Dombey, 12.
  4. Mrs. Skewton's "silver-headed butler, who was charged extra on that account as having the appearance of an ancient family retainer." Dombey, 30.
  5. The Chief Butler in Mr. Merdle's establishment, who was "the stateliest man in company. He did nothing, but he looked on as few other men could have done." When told of Mr. Merdle's suicide he re marked, "Mr. Merdle never was the gentleman, and no ungentlemanly act on Mr. Merdle's part would surprise me." Dorrit, I, 21, 33; II, 12, 16, 25.

  BUTLER, THEODOSIUS. Cousin of the Misses Crumpton, and the author of "Considerations on the Policy of Removing the Duty on Beeswax," under the name of Edward McNeville Walter. He eloped with Lavinia Dingwall. Boz, Tales, Sentiment.

  BUTTON, WILLIAM. The tailor of Tooley Street, acted by Jupe, the clown, in "the hippo-comediette. of 'The Tailor's Journey to Brentford.'" Hard Times, I, 3.

  BUZFUZ, SERJEANT. Counsel for Mrs. Bardell and a lawyer "with a fat body and a red face." Typical of the browbeating, bullying counsel of the period, he made an impassioned speech for his client, dwelling on the concealed expressions of tenderness in Mr. Pickwick's message of "Chops and Tomata Sauce," and extracted with deadly effect Winkle's story of the adventure with the lady in curl papers. The prototype of Buzfuz was Sergeant Bompas, a prominent member of the Bar. Pickwick, 34.

C

  CABBURN. In the 40's and 50's Cabburn's Oil and Pills were widely advertised as specifics for rheumatism, general debility, etc. Cabburn's dispensary was at 1 King's Cross. Reprinted, Bill Sticking.

  CAB-DRIVER, THE. "A brown-whiskered, white-haired, no-coated cabman," who drove a gorgeously painted red cab which seemed ubiquitous. He was always getting into trouble with the police, and was last seen in the Middlesex House of Correction. Boz, Scenes, 17.

  CABRIOLET, later abbreviated to Cab. This was a public conveyance which plied for hire in the London streets and was the ancestor of the Hansom cab. It was a light two-wheeled, hooded carriage, built to hold two persons in addition to the driver, who was partitioned off from his fares, sitting on a little dickey on the off side. In the Hansom cab the driver's seat was high up, behind the body of the cab. The fare was eightpence a mile. The best account of these old vehicles, illustrated by Cruikshank, is in Boz, Scene11, 17.

  CAD. This was the old term applied to omnibus conductors, and had no opprobrious meaning. Boz, Scenes, 16.

  CADOGAN PLACE. Here lived Mrs. Wittitterley; it is described as the connecting link between the aristocratic pavements of Belgrave Square and the barbarism of Chelsea. Nickleby, 21.

  CAEN WOOD OR KEN WOOD. This estate on the Hampstead to Highgate Road, and now public property, belonged to the Earl of Mansfield, and would have been destroyed by the Gordon Rioters had they not been diverted thence by troops (Barnaby, 66). In his flight after the murder Bill Sikes skirted Caen Wood on his way to Hampstead. Twist, 48.

  CAG MAGGERS, or Cag-mag, was a curious old English dialect word applied to worthless scraps of meat and hence to the small butchers who sold such pieces. The excited little Jew who made a sort of chant of, "Oh, Jaggerth, Jaggerth, Jaggerth! All otherth ith Cag-Maggerth, give me Jaggerth," evidently used the term in a slighting sense as meaning paltry, inefficient, worthless. Expectations, 20.

  CALAIS. It was at this French seaport that Roger Cly saw Charles Darnay show incriminating lists to French gentlemen (Two Cities, II, 3). After their bankruptcy the Veneerings retired thither to live on Mrs. Veneering's diamonds (Mutual Friend, IV, 17). For similar motives of economy the late Mr. Sparsit lived and died there (Hard Times, I, 7). The Uncommercial Traveller's emotions on reaching Calais after an indifferent passage are described in Chapter 17. Flora Finching spent her honeymoon there (Dorrit, I, 24) and thither it was that Clennam, and later Meagles, undertook fruitless visits to enquire of Miss Wade about Blandois. Dorrit, II, 20, 33.

  CALLOW, DR, "One of the most eminent physicians in London" consulted by Our Bore, Reprinted.

  CALTON, MR. "A superannuated beau whose face it was impossible to look upon without being reminded of a chubby street door knocker — half lion, half monkey." He was one of Mrs. Tibbs's first boarders and fell a victim to Mrs. Maplesone, to the tune of £1000, damages for breach of promise to marry. Boz, Tales, Boarding House.

  CAMBERWELL. This was long a pleasant and rather countrified suburb of London, much favoured by city men of the Malderton type (Boz, Tales, Sparkins). Mr. Pickwick had conducted some important researches there (Pickwick, 1). The brass and copper founder who employed Ruth Pinch lived at Camberwell, in a house "so big and fierce that its mere outside made bold persons quail" (Chuzzlewit, 9, 36). It was near Camberwell Green that Wemmick remarked, "Hullo! Here's a church . . . and here's Miss Skiffins: let's have a wedding" (Expectations, 55). A young lady of this place, inspired by Queen Victoria's official announcement of her marriage, "informed her papa that she intended to ally herself in marriage with Mr. Smith of Stepney" (Sketches of Couples). It was a delicately minded gentle man from Camberwell who made a very tactful presentation of flowers to Mr. Dorrit, enclosing two guineas in the wrappings (Dorrit, I, 8). Camberwell, it may be added, was the scene of the Barnwell murder. Chuzzlewit, 9. Expectations, 15.

  CAMBRIDGE. After his acquittal at the Old Bailey, Charles Darnay went to Cambridge, where he read with undergraduates (Two Cities, II, 10). Matthew Pocket was a Cambridge man (Expectations, 23), as was also George Silverman (Silverman). Sally Rairyganoo represented herself as coming from Cambridge, though Mrs. Lirriper always suspected an Irish extraction. Lirriper's Legacy.

  CAMDEN TOWN. During the first half of the nineteenth century this was the N. W. extremity of London, being separated by fields from Holloway, Kentish Town and Hampstead. Dickens had many personal associations with the place. In 1822-3 the family settled at 141 Bayham Street, one of the poorest parts of the London suburbs, and a few years later, while his father was in the Marshalsea, Charles was "handed over as lodger to a reduced old lady . . . in Little College Street, who took children in to board . . . and who began to sit for Mrs. Pipchin in Dombey when she took me in." This was Mrs. Roylance (q.v.). City clerks would walk to their work from Camden Town (Boz, Scenes, 1), though in the 30's it was still considered a rural district (Boz, Scenes, 20). Miss Ivins resided in the most secluded portion of Camden Town (Boz, Characters, 4), while the shabby-genteel, drunken engraver lived there, in a new row of houses near the Canal (Boz, Characters, 10). Heyling hunted down his father-in-law to a wretched lodging in Camden Town, as narrated in the Old Man's Tale about the Queer Client (Pickwick, 21); and it was among the poor children of the place that Fagin suggested Noah Claypole should do a little easy pilfering (Twist, 42). Near the Veterinary College (Great College Street) was the Micawber house, where Traddles lodged (Copperfield, 27, 28). In "Camberling Town" was Staggs Gardens (q.v.), where the Toodles at one time lived. Dombey, 6.
  Finally, at Camden Town lived that immortal family, the Cratchits. Christmas Carol.

  CAMILLA. A sister of Matthew Pocket and wife of Cousin Raymond. She was one of Miss Havisham's toadies. Expectations, 11, 25.

  CAMPBELL. 1. The name adopted by Magwitch when hiding in Mrs. Whimple's house. Expectations, 46.
  2. Original of Mrs. Skewton. (q.v.)

  CANDLESTICK, FLAT. Better known in modern times as a bedroom candlestick in distinction to the upright candlestick used in sitting-rooms. Candles used in these sticks were known as flat candles.

  CANNON STREET. Before its extension in 1854 Cannon Street only ran from the junction of Walbrook and Dudge Row (practically Cannon Street Station) to Eastcheap. In it was apparently a rival boarding house to Todgers's, of which Mr. Jinkins had not much opinion. Chuzzlewit, 9.

  CANONGATE. This was the scene of the story of the Bagman's Uncle, and the coach yard where the vehicles were stored belonged to a Mr. Croall. Pickwick, 49.

  CANTERBURY. The years which have elapsed since Dickens described this old cathedral city have wrought comparatively few changes, and no great imagination is required to see it now as it appeared in the eyes of David Copperfield. Dr. Strong's school still exists as King's School, in the cathedral precincts, while his house has been identified as No. 1 Lady Wootton's Green. David lived with Mr. Wickfield at the house now numbered 71, St. Dunstan's Street, and when Mr. Dick came to see him every alternate Wednesday, he put up at the Fountain Hotel, called by Dickens the County Hotel. The little inn where the Micawbers stayed (Chapter 17) was probably the Sun Hotel, in Sun Street, unchanged in appearance since those days; and the Heep's house, where he and David met, was possibly in North Lane. Copperfield, 13, 15-19, 39, 52, 54, 61, 62.

  CAPE. The violin accompanist in the Malderton's orchestra. Boz, Tales, Porter.

  CAPE HORN. It was near Cape Horn that the Golden Mary struck an iceberg (Golden Mary), while on an island near Cape Horn Captain Jorgan found the bottle containing The Message from the Sea.

  CAPPER, MR. AND MRS. Host and hostess of Mr. Mincin, the very friendly Young Gentleman. Sketches of Gentlemen.

  CAPRICORN AND CAULIFLOWER. Uncle and brother of the hightrotting horse driven by Bailey Junior in the service of Tigg Montague. Chuzzlewit, 26, 27.

  CAPTAIN. 1. "A spare, squeaking old man who invokes damnation on his own eyes or somebody else's at the commencement of every sentence he utters." He was a frequenter of Bellamy's. Boz, Sceneas 18.
  2. The half-pay captain, who played strange jokes on the old lady next door. Boz, Our Pariah, 2.
  3. The Yankee captain of the Screw. Chuzzlewit, 16 .
  4. Captain or Capting of the Esau Slodge, the Mississippi steamer. Chuzzlewit, 33.

  CARKER. James, the manager for Dombey and Son and Mr. Dombey's confidential assistant. He was a particularly heartless scoundrel, especially where his sister and elder brother were concerned, and was zealous in poisoning Mr. Dombey's mind against Florence and young Walter Gay. When employed to humiliate Edith Dombey by carrying messages, he abused his master's confidence by eloping with her. By the treachery of Rob the Grinder and Mrs. Brown, whose daughter Alica had been seduced by Carker, the whereabouts of the rendezvous with Edith was communicated to Mr. Dombey, who followed the couple thither. Carker eluded him, however, and fled back to England, pursued by the injured husband. They finally met on the platform of a railway station, and in an attempt to evade his master, Carker was run down and killed by a passing train. Dombey, 10, 13, 17, 18, 22, 24, 26-8, 31-4, 3tl, 37, 40, 42, 43, 45-7, 51-5.
  John Carker was James's elder brother, but was always known as Mr. Carker the Junior, because, in his youth, he had robbed the firm and had been given a humble post from which he was never to rise. On the death of his brother, John came into his wealth, but devoted the interest to the use of his ruined master, Mr. Dombey. Dombey, 6, 13, 19, 22, 33, 34, 46, 53, 58, 62.
  Harriet, sister of the Carker brothers, was "a slight, small, patient figure . . . who of all the world went over to her brother in his shame, put her hand in his, and, with a sweet composure and determination, led him hopefully upon his barren way." She befriended Alice Marwood and succeeded in touching the girl's embittered heart. Eventually she married Morfin, once one of Mr. Dombey's managers. Dombey, 22, 33, 34, 53, 58, 62.

  CARLAVERO, GIOVANNI. Keeper of an Italian wineshop, who had been rescued from the galleys, to which he had been consigned as a political prisoner. Uncommercial Traveller, 28.

  CARLISLE. On his way from Lancaster to Carlisle Doctor Marigold first noticed the deaf and dumb young man who courted Sophy. Doctor Marigold.

  CARLO. One of Jerry's performing dogs. Curiosity Shop, 18.

  CAROLINE. Wife of one Scrooge's debtors who rejoiced in the thought of his approaching death. Christmas Carol.

  CARSTONE, RICHARD. A ward of Chancery and a party to the suit of Jarndyce and Jarndyce. He and his cousin, Ada Clare, had not long been together in the house of John Jarndyce, their guardian, before they fell in love with one another. Richard was given several starts in life, but he took finally to the law and devoted himself to the study of the suit. He fell into the hands of Vholes, the lawyer, who poisoned his mind against his benefactor and friend, John Jarndyce. The worry and disappointments of the Chancery suit destroyed Richard's health, and Ada Clare, after secretly marrying him, went to nurse him in his chambers, but the sudden ending of the case by the absorption of all the estate in costs, fairly broke Richard's heart and he died, leaving his widow and unborn child to the care of Mr. Jarndyce. Bleak House, 1-6, 8, 9, 13, 14, 17, 18, 20, 23, 24, 35, 37, 39, 43, 51, 59-62, 64, 65.

  CARTER. Member of the Mudfog Association.

  CARTON, CAPTAIN GEORGE. A sailor, "with bright eyes, brown face and an easy figure," who led the expedition against the pirates on Silver Store Island. He married Miss Marion Maryon. English Prisoners.

  CARTON, SYDNEY. A good-hearted, dissolute barrister who acted as Stryver's devil in working up law cases. "I am a disappointed drudge. I care for no man on earth, and no man on earth cares for me," were the words in which he described himself. His extraordinary resemblance to Charles Darnay was used effectively by the defence when the latter was being tried at the Old Bailey, and the incident served to introduce Carton to Lucy Monette, with whom he fell in love. Going over to Paris at the time that Darnay was awaiting execution, Sydney Carton contrived to introduce himself into the prison and substitute himself for Lucy's husband. The resemblance between the two men prevented the discovery of this deception, and Sydney Carton ascended the scaffold and was guillotined in place of Charles Darnay. Two Cities, II, 2-6, 11, 13, 20, 21; III, 8, 9,11-13, 15.

  CASBY, CHRISTOPHER. The father of Flora Finching and a former town agent of Lord Decimus Tite Barnacle. He had a "shining bald head; long grey hair at its side and back, which looked so benevolent . . . that various old ladies spoke of him as the 'Last of the Patriarchs.'" He was, however, a hard, griping landlord of some slum property, including Bleeding Heart Yard, and employed Pancks to extort the money from his poor tenants, himself posing as a model of humanity and kindness. Eventually Pancks showed up the Patriarch to the Bleeding Heart Yarders in his true colours. The original of this character was George Beadnell. Dorrit, I, 12, 13, 23, 24, 35; II, 9, 23, 32.

  CASTLE, THE. 1. Mr. Wemmick called his little moated house at Walworth the Castle. Expectations, 25.
  2. Mrs. Pipchin's house was the egress's castle in a steep by-street at Brighton. Dombey, 8.
  3. Coavinses lock-up in Cursitor Street was familiarly known as the Castle. Bleak House, 14.

  CASTLE STREET, HOLBORN. This is now called Furnival Street, in memory of the inn which stood on the other side of Holborn. Traddles lodged there when studying law, and it was in his chambers that Mr. Dick was first introduced to the art of engrossing. Copperfield, 36.

  CATEATON STREET. That portion of the present Gresham Street which lies between Milk Street and Old Jewry was, until 1845, called Cateaton Street. Here was the warehouse of Tom Smart's employers, Messrs. Bilson and Slum. Pickwick, 49.

  CATECHISM. "Walk fast, Wal'r my lad, and walk the same all the days of your life. Overhaul the catechism for that advice, and keep it. 'Love! Honour! And obey!′ Overhaul your catechism till you find that passage, and when found turn the leaf down." Words of wisdom from Captain Cuttle. Dombey, 4, 9.

  CATHERINE STREET, STRAND. The lower end of this street was demolished when Aldwych was made, 1899-1905. Boz describes a private theatre of a type at that time found in Catherine Street. Boz, Scenes, 13.

  CATLIN, GEORGE. (1796-1872.) An American painter and writer who spent seven years (1832-9) among the North American Indians. His work Illustrations of the Manners, etc., of the North American Indians (1857) is still an authority. Catlin exhibited some Ojibway Indians in London in 1843. On December 20 he presented them to the Queen and Prince Consort when, greatly to the royal amazement, they performed some of their medicine dances. Reprinted, The Noble Savage.

  CATNACH AND PITTS. These were two publishers of ballads, songs, broadsides· and "last dying speeches" of murderers. Their printing offices were both in the neighbourhood of Seven Dials. Boz, Scenes, 5.

  CAUDLE. This was a warm drink, much in vogue in confinement cases, containing wine and other suitable ingredients.

  CAULIFLOWER. Brother of Mr. Montague's prancing steed, driven by Mr. Bailey, Junior. Chuzzlewit, 26, 27.

  CAUTIOUS CLARA. Captain Jack Bunsby's vessel. Dombey, 23.

  CAVALETTO, JOHN BAPTIST. An Italian refugee who shared Rigaud's cell in the Marseilles prison, and eventually made his way to London, where he was befriended by Arthur Clennam, and made the acquaintance of Pancks, who called him "Altro," from his constant repetition of that word. He was instrumental in tracking down Rigaud in London, and helped to nurse Clennam in the Marshalsea. Dorrit, I, 1, 11, 13, 23, 25; II, 9, 13, 22, 23, 28, 30, 33.

  CAVENDISH SQUARE. Near this square, probably in Wigmore Street, was Madame Mantalini's place of business (Nickleby, 10), while the corner house outside which Wegg had his stall, and where the Boffins moved later, was also in the vicinity. Mutual Friend, I, 5; II, 7.

  CAVETON. The throwing-off young gentleman. Sketches of Young Gentlemen.

  CECIL STREET. In this little street off the Strand lived Mr. Watkins Tottle in the happy days when he pictured the pleasures of married life. Boz, Tales, Tottle.

  CELIA. One of the charity children who made love in the grim City church. Uncommercial, 21.

  CERTAINPERSONIO, PRINCE. Alicia's bridegroom, provided by the good fairy Grandmarina. Holiday Romance.

  CHADBAND. "A large yellow man, with a fat smile and a general appearance of having too much train oil in his system . . . who never speaks without putting up his great hand, as delivering a token to his hearers that he is going to edify them . . . he is, as he expresses it, in the ministry." Chadband will, for all time to come, serve as the portrait of hypocrisy and cant. His remarks on the subject of "Terewth" are the words of the religious humbug at his best. After imposing on the Snagsbys, Chadband and his wife were induced by the Smallweeds to assist in a scheme for blackmailing Sir Leicester Dedlock, in which they were thwarted by Inspector Bucket.
  Mrs. Chadband was originally Mrs. Rachael, the hard and unsympathetic nurse of Esther Summerson's childhood. Bleak House, 3, 19, 22, 24, 25, 44, 54.

  CHAISE. This was a light two- or four-wheeled travelling carriage drawn by one or more horses. The chaise had no shafts and there was no driver's seat, the horses being driven by postilions. It was the quickest vehicle on the roads and was used largely for posting, and making such expeditious journeys as that of Mr. Jingle and Miss Rachael Wardle.

  CHALONS. In the Break of Day Inn, near Chalons sur Saone, Rigaud and Cavaletto met unexpectedly when the former was in flight from Marseilles. Dorrit, I, 11; II, 22.

  CHANCERY, COURT OF. Previous to the erection of the present Law Courts (1874) the Chancellor's court was held at West minster Hall or at Lincoln's Inn Hall. In Bleak House, 1, the case of Jarndyce and Jarndyce was being heard in Lincoln's Inn, but the conclusion of the case was at West minster (65).

  CHANCERY LANE. This legal highway is so frequently mentioned that it is difficult to deal with each instance separately. Large parts of the story of Bleak House are enacted in the Lane or its vicinity (Chapters 1, 4, 10, 14, 19, 20, 32, 33, 39, 59); the courtyard in which stood old Krook's shop and the Sols Arms, being Chichester Rents, opposite Breams' Buildings. Mr. Gabriel Parsons went up Chancery Lane on his way to Cursitor Street, where Tottle was imprisoned for debt (Boz, Tales, Tottle). Rokesmith followed Mr. Boffin down the Lane before he first approached him with the offer of his services (Mutual Friend, I, 8). The old Serjeant's Inn, where Mr. Pickwick was accosted by a bail tout, was four houses up on the right-hand side from Fleet Street. It was closed as an inn of law in 1877 and demolished shortly afterwards. Pickwick, 40.

  CHANCERY PRISONER. "A tall, gaunt, cadaverous man, with sunken cheeks and a restless, eager eye. God help him! the iron teeth of confinement and privation had been slowly filing him down for twenty years." For a small sum he let his room at the Fleet to Mr. Pickwick. Pickwick, 42, 44.

  CHANDLER. This was the old term for a general dealer, originally one who sold candles. An oil shop or village all-sorts shop are fair equivalents of the old chandler.

  "CHARGE, CHESTER, CHARGE." Silas Wegg was quoting from Scott's Marmion, Canto IV, Stanza 32. Mutual Friend, III, 6.

  CHARING CROSS. Few parts of London have changed more in the last century than Charing Cross and its vicinity. Trafalgar Square was not begun until 1829, its site being a slum. The Nelson column was erected in 1842-3, approximately on the site of the Golden Cross Hotel (q.v.). On the southeast side of the square stood Northumberland House, surmounted by its huge lion. The house was demolished in 1874, and its site is commemorated by Northumberland Avenue. Where Charing Cross Station now stands was Hungerford Market, which was pulled down in 1862.   There are innumerable mentions of Charing Cross in the novels. It was outside the Golden Cross that Mr. Pickwick had his encounter with the cabman, while from the same inn he and his friends started on their first journey (Pickwick, 2). On his arrival in town from Canterbury, David Copperfield put up at the Golden Cross, and considered Charing Cross "a stuffy neighbourhood" (Copperfield, 19). While lounging round Charing Cross, Eugene Wrayburn saw Mr. Dolls staggering across the road (Mutual Friend, III, 10). According to the Gentleman in Small Clothes the statue of King Charles, looking down Charing Cross, had been seen at the Stock Exchange, arm in arm with Aldgate Pump. Nickleby, 41.

  CHARITABLE GRINDERS. A charitable institution to which Polly Toodle'e eldest boy was sent on Mr. Dombey's presentation. "The dress is a nice warm blue baize tailed coat and cap, turned up orange-coloured binding; red worsted stockings; and very strong leather small clothes." Rob the Grinder was but typical of the charity boys of London. All the charities, most of which dated from the middle eighteenth century, dressed their children in distinguishing garments, features of which were the "muffin" cap, leather breeches and buckled shoes. Charity girls usually wore a crimped cap and Quaker-like dress. Dombey, 5.

  CHARKER, HARRY. A comrade of Gill Davis, and a corporal in the Royal Marines. English Prisoners.

  CHARLES. 1. The well-bred, easy-going husband in the Cool Couple. Sketches of Couples.
  2. Old Charles, once a waiter at a west country hotel and by some considered the father of the waitering. Somebody's Luggage.

  CHARLEY. 1. Charlotte Neckett, invariably called Charley, was the daughter of a bailiff who died, leaving her, a mere child, to support the family. She was engaged by Mr. John Jarndyce as servant to Esther Summerson, and eventually married a well-to-do miller near Esther's home in the country. Bleak House, 15, 21, 23, 30, 31, 35-7, 44, 45, 51, 57, 61, 62, 64, 67.
  2. The marine store dealer at Chatham to whom David Copperfield sold some clothes on his way to Dover. Copperfield, 13.
  3. Potboy at the Magpie and Stump. Pickwick, 20.
  4. The narrator of the Holly Tree, who thinking himself jilted by Angela Leath, left London to go to America, but was snowed up on his way to Liverpool at the Holly Tree Inn.

  CHARLOTTE. 1. Sowerberry's servant girl who sided with Noah Claypole against Oliver Twist and eventually ran away to London with Noah. Twist, 4-7, 27, 42, 46, 53.
  2. One of the Contradictory Couple. Sketches of Couples. 3. A treacherous schoolfellow of Miss Wade. Dorrit, II, 21.
  4. The daughter of John the inventor. Reprinted, Poor Man's Patent.

  CHARTISTS. In 1838 the London Working Men's Association drew up the People's Charter of six demands for reform. A monster petition was signed the next year, but was ignored, and for some years there was considerable unrest in London and the provinces. Finally, in 1848, a petition with 7,000,000 signatures was prepared, the intention being to take it to the Commons with a large force. Every preparation was made to preserve order, many special constables being sworn in, but the firm handling of the situation by the Duke of Wellington discouraged the leaders and the whole affair proved a fiasco.

  CHATHAM. This town was associated with the early years of Dickens and finds frequent mention in his writings. The family lived at (now No. 11) Ordnance Terrace from 1817-21, when they moved to 18, St. Mary's Place, remaining there until 1823, and during these happy years of his childhood Dickens became intimate with the whole neighbourhood. Chatham first appears in his writings under the name of Mudfog. It next occurs in Pickwick, 2, 4, Winkle's duel with Dr. Slammer taking place near Fort Pitt, where Dickens had often played as a lad. Little David toiled through the town on his way to his aunt, and there disposed of some of his clothes to old Charley (Copperfield, 13). Richard Doubledick tramped into Rochester or Chatham ("because if anybody knows to a nicety where Rochester ends and Chatham begins it is more than I do") in the year 1799 (Seven Poor Travellers). The town is described as Dullborough in Uncommercial, 12, while another chapter (24) deals with the dockyard. Serjeant Dornton relates his search at Chatham for Mesheck, the Jew, in 1847. Reprinted, Detective Police.

  CHEAPSIDE. It was a hot summer Sunday when Mr. Minns toiled up the shady side of Cheapside on his way to the Flowerpot, whence he was to take coach to the Buddens (Boz, Tales, Minns), whereas Mr. Dumps, on his way to the Bloomsbury christening found that everybody in Cheapside looked wet, cold and dirty (Boz, Tales, Christening). While walking up Cheapside with Sam, after his interview with Dodson and Fogg, Mr. Pickwick expressed a wish for a glass of brandy and water warm. Sam replied without hesitation, "Second court on the right-hand side, last house but vun on the same side the vay," and there they met Mr. Weller Senior for the first time (Pickwick, 20). A certain slipper and dog's collar man had his portrait screwed on an artist's door in Cheapside (Dombey, 13), and after his day's work Mr. Carker was wont to ride up Cheapside (Dombey, 22). Pip was strolling there, undecided where to dine, when he was overtaken by Mr. Jaggers and carried off to Gerrard Street (Expectations, 48). Sitting in his pleasant parlour in the vicinity, Mr. Mould, the undertaker, listened to the distant hum of traffic in Cheapside. Chuzzlewit, 25.

  CHEERYBLE, CHARLES AND EDWIN. The twin brothers who gave Nicholas Nickleby employment, and were charitable and kind to all who crossed their path. They had come to London as penniless lads, but succeeded in building up a prosperous business as German merchants. Among the many objects of their benevolence was Madeleine Bray, the daughter of the woman who had rejected Charles to marry a wastrel, and it was in their service that Nicholas saw Madeleine and fell in love with her. The Cheerybles established Nicholas and his family in a cottage at Bow, performed numberless other kind actions, and having finally joined the hands of Nicholas and Madeleine, of their nephew Frank and Kate Nickleby, they handed the business over to Frank and Nicholas and retired. The Cheeryble brothers were founded on William and Daniel Grant, wealthy calico printers of Manchester, whose acquaintance Dickens made in 1838. William (brother Ned) died in 1842, and Daniel (brother Charles) in 1855. Nickleby, 35, 37, 40, 43, 46, 49, 55, 59-61, 63, 65.
  Frank Cheeryble was the nephew of the twin brothers — "a sprightly, good-humoured, pleasant fellow with much, both in his countenance and disposition, that reminded Nicholas very strongly of the kind-hearted brothers." He fell in love with Kate Nickleby, and after their marriage became a partner with Nicholas in the firm of Cheeryble Brothers. Nickleby, 43, 46, 48, 49, 55, 57, 61, 63, 65.

  CHEESEMAN, OLD. The hero of the Schoolboy's Story, who was unpopular at the school and had only one friend, Jane Pitt the wardrobe woman, whom he eventually married. Reprinted, The Schoolboy's Story.

  CHEGGS, ALICK. The market gardener, "shy in the presence of ladies" who cut out Dick Swiveller and won Sophy Wackles for his bride. Curiosity Shop, 8, 21, 50.

  CHELMSFORD. This town is on the main road to Ipswich, and was thus on Mr. Weller's route when he picked up Jingle and Job Trotter at the Black Boy (demolished in 1857) and heard them laughing at having "done old Fireworks." Pickwick, 20.

  CHELSEA. Described in 1831 as a large and populous village, its position on the river has always made Chelsea. a favourite resort of Londoners. The place has a personal association with Dickens, whose marriage took place in the new parish church of St. Luke, in 1836. The Royal East London Volunteers, with Gabriel Varden as a sergeant, marched in glittering order to the Bun House (q.v.) (Barnaby, 42) next door but two to which lived Mr. Bucket's aunt (Bleak House, 53). The polite folk of Cadogan Place considered Chelsea barbarous (Nickleby, 21), but it had its compensations, for there lived the Wackles family when visited by Dick Swiveller (Curiosity Shop, 8). Mr. Bayham Badger had a good practice there (Bleak House, 13). Thomas Joy, the carpenter with whom John lodged when he came to patent his invention, lived near Chelsea Church (Reprinted, Poor Man's Patent). Sergeant Witchem, when tracking her husband, watched Mrs. Tally Ho Thompson, who resided in the neighbourhood (Reprinted, Detective Police). Silas Wegg identified his father with Dibdin's poetic Chelsea ferryman (Mutual Friend, I, 15). Battersea Bridge marks the eight of old Chelsea Ferry, though there was a later ferry near the present Victoria Bridge. Chelsea waterworks, to which Sam Weller likened the lachrymose Job Trotter, were on the E. side of the Grosvenor Canal, now railway yards. Pickwick, 23.

  CHELTENHAM. Mrs. Captain Barbary, who "was not up to the courage" of a certain fine grey gelding, in dealing with which Tip Dorrit had found himself imprisoned for debt, lived at Cheltenham (Dorrit, I, 12). The only other mention of the place that possesses any interest refers to Miss Knaggs's cousin, a tobacconist who lived there, and who had such small feet that they were no bigger than those usually joined to wooden legs. Nickleby, 17.

  CHERTSEY. This was the scene of the attempted burglary by Bill Sikes and Toby Crackit, in which Oliver Twist was injured. Mrs. Maylie's house, which they broke into, has been identified in Pycroft Road (Twist, 19, 22, 28-32, 53). Chertsey was one of the places Betty Higden visited when wandering about the River towns. Mutual Friend, III, 8.

  CHERUB, THE. Bella Wilfer's pet name for her father, R. Wilfer. (q.v.)

  CHESNEY WOLD. This was the Lincolnshire mansion of the Dedlocks, with its Ghost Walk and ancient memories. The original was Rockingham Castle, in Northamptonshire, from which the picture has been faithfully drawn, the fine old Yew Walk at the end of the terrace being the original of the Ghost's Walk. Bleak House, 2, 7, 12, 16, 28, 36, 40, 41, 56, 66.

  CHESTER. Sir John, was a cynical, courtly, unprincipled rogue, indifferent to any but his own interests in pursuance of which he was determined to prevent the match between his son and Emma Haredale. His chief tool was Hugh, the wild hostler of the Maypole, who turned out to be his natural son. During the riots Sir John played for safety, but soon afterwards he met his lifelong enemy, Geoffrey Haredale, in a duel and was killed. The character of Sir John Chester is obviously an exaggerated picture of Lord Chesterfield (Barnaby, 5, 10-12, 14, 15, 23, 24, 26-30, 32, 40, 43, 53, 75, 81, 82). Edward Chester, his son, was the lover of Emma Haredale. As he persisted in his intention of marrying her, in face of his father's and her uncle's objection, Sir John disowned him, and he went away to the West Indies. After five years he returned at the time of the riots and was able to save Emma from the clutches of Gashford. After their marriage he took her to live abroad. 1, 3-6, 12, 14, 15, 19, 20, 24, 27, 29, 32, 67, 71, 72, 78, 79, 82.

  CHESTLE. The elderly hop-grower, who married the eldest Miss Larkins. Copperfield, 18.

  CHIB, MR. The father of the vestry, a hale old man of eighty-two, who ordered the removal of the contentious vestrymen, Banger and Tiddypot. Reprinted, Our Vestry.

  CHICK. Mr. John, "a stout, bald gentleman, with a very large face, and his hands continually in his pockets, who had a tendency in his nature to whistle and hum tunes" which he did at most inopportune moments. Dombey, 2, 5, 8, 29, 31, 36.
  Mrs. Louisa Chick, his wife and sister of Mr. Dombey, was embued with the spirit of the Dombeys and always felt convinced that if the first Mrs. Dombey had only made an effort she would not have died in childbed. With her friend Miss Tox she took charge of little Paul, but she renounced that lady with great vigour when it became apparent that she had hoped to become the second Mrs. Dombey. When the house of Dombey fell, Mrs. Chick could find no other cause for the disaster than that her brother had not made an effort. 1, 2, 5-8, 10, 14, 16, 18, 19, 31, 36, 61, 68, 59.

  CHICKEN, THE GAME. Mr. Toot's pugilistic friend. See Game Chicken.

  CHICKENSTALKER, MRS. ANNE. A stout lady who kept a shop in the general line and was one of Trotty Veck's creditors. Later she married Tugby, Sir Joseph Bowley's porter, who joined her in the business. Chimes.

  CHICKSEY, VENEERING AND STOBBLES. The name of the firm of drug dealers, near Mincing Lane, of which Veneering was sole partner and in which R. Wilfer was a clerk. It has been suggested that the house next Dunster Court was the office of this firm. Mutual Friend, I, 4, 11; II, 8; III, 16.

  CHICKWEED, CONKEY. The Battle Bridge publican who committed a fake burglary on himself, which was detected by Jem Spyers, the Bow Street runner. The tale was narrated with much gusto by Mr. Blathers. Twist, 31.

  CHIGGLE. The immortal sculptor who carved "the Pogram statter in marble which rose so much con-test and pre-judice in Europe." Chuzzlewit, 34.

  CHIGWELL. This was a favourite resort of Dickens about the time he was working on Barnaby. In 1841 he wrote to Forster, "Chigwell is the greatest place in the world," and it was the good fare and bright welcome that he received at the King's Head Inn that made him immortalise it as the Maypole and centre his story round the place.

  CHILDERS, E. W. B. A member of Sleary's circus, who spoke his mind plainly to Messrs. Gradgrind and Bounderby when they came to adopt Sissy Jupe, but did good work when Gradgrind was in trouble, and smuggled young Tom away to Liverpool. Childers married Bleary's daughter, Josephine, and their little boy, at three years of age, was named The Little Wonder of Scholastic Equitation. Hard Times, I, 6; III, 7, 8.

  CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL. The hospital to which Mrs. Boffin took little Johnny to die was no doubt the Children's Hospital in Great Ormonde Street. Mutual Friend, II, 9.

  CHILD'S DREAM OF A STAR. A short sketch which first appeared in Household Words, April 6, 1850, and was included in Reprinted Pieces in 1858.

  CHILD'S STORY, THE. This little story first appeared in the Christmas Number of Household Words, 1852; being one of the tales in A Round of Stories by the Christmas Fire. It was published in Reprinted Pieces, 1858.

  CHILL, UNCLE. The avaricious old uncle of Michael. Reprinted, Poor Relations Story.

  CHILLIP, DR. The mild, little medical man who attended Mrs. Copperfield when David was born. "He carried his head on one side, partly in modest depreciation of himself, partly in modest propitiation of everybody else." On marrying his second wife, a woman with some property, he moved to near Bury St. Edmunds. Copperfield, 1, 2, 9, 10, 22, 30, 59.

  CHIMES, THE. This was the second of the Christmas Books, and was published in 1844. It was written at Genoa, and on it′s completion Dickens started for London, where, on the 2nd of December, he read the story to a select audience, including Forster, Jerrold, Blanchard, Carlyle and Madise.
  Principal Characters. Trotty Veck, a ticket porter; Meg, his daughter; her sweetheart, Richard; Alderman Cute, a practical man who thinks he understands the "common people"; Will Fern, a poor man with a bad name; Lilian, his niece.
  The moral of The Chimes is practically the same as that of A Christmas Carol. Trotty Veck, a cheerful, honest old man who delights to believe that he is worth his salt, falls asleep at his fireside on New Year's Eve and dreams that he goes into the neighbouring belfry (St, Dunstan's, Fleet Street) which is full of the elfin spirits of the belle. At the order of the Goblin of the Great Bell Trotty follows a little child, the Spirit of the Chimes, and is shown scenes of the future, all sorrowful and some of them concerning his own daughter and others he loves. When he awakes with a start, Trotty is overjoyed to hear the chimes pealing in the New Year, and to find that all the sorrow he has felt is but that of a dream. Nevertheless he learns his lesson and applies it in the New Year that has dawned.

  CHIMNEY SWEEPS. It is easy to understand Oliver Twist's terror of being apprenticed to Gamfield, the sweep. Before the Act of 1842 chimneys were swept by little boys, who clambered up, sweeping as they went. The cruelty of master-sweeps was notorious, cases were familiar of fires being lit beneath the lads to make them more expeditious, while there were many instances of boys being smothered or sticking fast in the flues. All this was abolished by the Act which made employment of such boys illegal. May Day was the London chimney sweep's festival. Forming small parties they paraded the City streets dressed up in paper hats and fancy clothes, their faces coloured with brick dust. One of their number, called Jack-in-the-Green, was placed within a sort of movable bower of branches and leaves, where he danced and cracked jokes while the coins were being collected from the onlookers. Boz, Scenes, 20.

  CHINAMAN, JACK. Keeper of an opium den in opposition to that run by Princess Puffer. The original was George Ah Sing, who had an opium den in Cornwall Road, St. George's-in-the-East. Drood, l, 23.

  CHINK'S BASIN. Mrs. Whimple's house, where old Bill Barley lodged, was in Mill Pond Bank, Chink's Basin, near the Old Green Copper Rope Walk. The description might apply to many places on either side of the river thereabouts, but none of the above names are real. Expectations, 46, 47.

  CHIN MUSIC. This accomplishment of Mr. Hardy was popular in the 20's and 30's, and had been introduced by Michael Boai. It was produced by striking the chin with the fist, at the same time making rapid movements of the mouth to modulate the sounds caused. Boz, Tales, Excursion.

  CHIPS. The principal character in one of the nurse's stories. All the Chips men sold themselves to the Devil, and the hero of the tale tried in vain to escape the family bargain. Uncommercial, 15.

  CHIRRUP, MR. AND MRS. The nice little couple. Sketches of Couples.

  CHISWICK. Bill Sikes and Oliver Twist passed through this village on their way to Chertsey (Twist, 21). Gaffer Hexam pushed up as far as Chiswick on his gruesome quests, and waited there until after the turn of the tide. Mutual Friend, I, 6.

  CHITLING, TOM. A member of Fagin's gang of thieves who, after a term of imprisonment, returned to the Jew and took up with Betsy. When the gang was dispersed at Fagin's capture, Chitling repaired to Jacob's Island with Toby Crackit, and was there when Bill Sikes met his end. Twist, 18, 25, 39, 50.

  CHIVERY. A non-resident turnkey at the Marshalsea Prison. "There was a native delicacy in Mr. Chivery — true politeness; though his exterior had very much of a turnkey about it, and not the least of a gentleman." His wife "was a comfortable looking woman, much respected for her feelings and her conversation." She had a small tobacco shop in Horsemonger Lane (now Union Street). Dorrit, I, 18, 19, 22, 25, 31, 35, 36; II, 26, 27, 29, 31, 34.
  Young John Chivery was the son of the turnkey and a sentimental lad "of small stature . . . but great of soul; poetical, expansive, faithful." As a boy he fell in love with Little Dorrit and composed touching epitaphs for himself when he realised the hopelessness of his passion. Young John helped Pancks to search out the facts which established the Dorrits' right to their fortune, and when Arthur Clennam was imprisoned in the Marshalsea, went to comfort him and, breaking his heart in the effort, told him how truly Little Dorrit loved him. Dorrit, I, 18, 19, 22, 25, 31, 35, 36; II, 18, 26, 27, 31, 33, 34.

  CHOKE, GENERAL CYRUS. A general in the American militia and "one of the most remarkable men in the country." He recommended Martin Chuzzlewit to purchase land from the Eden Corporation. Chuzzlewit, 21.

  CHOLLOP, MAJOR HANNIBAL. "A splendid example of our native raw material," in other words a lawless rascal who called on Martin Chuzzlewit at Eden. Chuzzlewit, 33, 34.

  CHOPPER. 1. Mrs. Chopper was the mother of Mrs. Merrywinkle, one of the couple who coddled themselves. Sketches of Couples.
  2. Mr. Chopper was a great-uncle of Master William Tinkling. Holiday Romance.

  CHOPS. A dwarf in Toby Magsman's show. His real name was Stakes, and his professional name Major Tpschoffki, but he was always known as Chops. He won £12,000 in a lottery and went into society, but lost all his money and came to the conclusion that "it ain't so much that a person goes into Society, as that Society goes into a person." Going into Society.

  CHORDS. "There are chords in the human mind —–" such was the unfinished sentence with which Mr. Guppy deprecated allusion to the "unrequited image imprinted on his art." Bleak House, 20, 32.

  CHOWSER, COLONEL. This gentleman, of the Militia and the racecourses, was one of the shady guests at Ralph Nickleby's dinner party, Nickleby, 19, 50.

  CHRISTIAN, FLETCHER. He was the mate of the Bounty and ringleader of the mutineers against Captain Bligh. He and his son, Thursday October Christian, are real characters. Reprinted, A Long Voyage.

  CHRISTIANA. The beautiful girl who had once been the sweetheart of Michael, the Poor Relation. Reprinted, Poor Relations Story.

  CHRISTINA, DONNA. One of Jingle's Spanish conquests, daughter of Don Bolaro Fizzgig. "Splendid creature — loved me to distraction — jealous father — high-souled daughter — handsome Englishman — Donna Christina in despair — prussic acid — stomach pump in my portmanteau — operation per formed — old Bolaro in ecstasies — consent to our union — join hands and floods of tears." Unfortunately Donna Christina did not survive the excitement. Pickwick, 2.

  CHRISTMAS CAROL, A. This, the most popular of Dickens's Christmas Books, and perhaps of all his writings, was written in October and November and published in December, 1843. It was the outcome of much emotion and excitement on his part; and it is recorded that "he walked thinking of it fifteen and twenty miles about the black streets of London, many and many a night after all sober folks had gone to bed."
  Principal Characters. Ebenezer Scrooge, a tightfisted old curmudgeon; Bob Cratchit, his clerk and father of a family; Fred, Scrooge's nephew; the Fezziwigs, Scrooge's old master and his family.
  One Christmas Eve Scrooge is brooding over the fire, in his lodgings, when he sees the ghost of his old partner, Marley, dead these seven years. Marley tells him that he is fettered by a chain forged by selfishness in his lifetime, and advises Scrooge to take timely warning. Scrooge then casts himself on his bed, and is visited by the spirits of Christmas Past, Christmas Present and Christmas Yet to Come, all of whom reveal the folly and cruelty of his present selfish life, and show him what happiness might be his if he would but open his heart to others. Scrooge repents and determines to make amends for his past selfishness and surliness; he sends a turkey to the Cratchits; goes to dinner with his nephew, whose invitation he had refused; and "became aa good a friend, as good a master, and as good a man, as the good old city knew, or any other good old city, town, or borough in the good old world."

  CHRISTMAS TREE, A. This rather pretty sketch first appeared in the 1850 Christmas Number of Household Words and was published in Reprinted Pieces, 1858.

  CHRISTOPHER. A head waiter with strong views as to a head waiter's position in society. "A head waiter must be either head or tail; he must be at one extremity or the other of the social scale; he cannot be at the waist of it." He narrates the story of Somebody's Luggage.

  "CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS" SLOOP. This was the British armed vessel which took part in the exciting adventures on Silver Store Island. English Prisoners.

  CHUCKSTER. Mr. Witherden's clerk, a friend of Dick Swiveller and one of the "Glorious Apollers." He had a very hearty contempt for Kit Nubbles, whom he designated a snob; and when Kit was cleared of the charge of theft, was rather disgusted than otherwise, as it showed that "Snobby" had not even the spirit to steal. Curiosity Shop, 14, 20, 38, 40, 56, 60, 64, 65, 69, 73.

  CHUFFEY. The old clerk of Chuzzlewit and Son, a faithful half-crazy old man whose whole life was bound up in his old master, Anthony Chuzzlewit. After the death of the latter and Jonas's marriage to Mercy Pecksniff, Chuffey devoted himself to the bride, but having awakened Jonas's suspicions, he was handed over to the tender care of Mrs. Gamp. At the final exposure of Jonas, Chuffey narrated the story of that villain's attempt to poison old Anthony. Chuzzlewit, 11, 18, 19, 25, 26, 46, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54.

  CHUZZLEWIT. It is difficult to follow the ramifications of this family, but apart from the main characters, who are dealt with separately, the following are mentioned:—
  1. Diggory, a remote ancestor in the habit of dining with Duke Humphrey. Chuzzlewit, 1.
  2. George, a gay bachelor cousin of old Martin. 4, 54.
  3. Mrs. Ned, widow of a deceased brother of old Martin and mother of three spinster daughters. 4, 54.
  4. Toby, an ancestor who, being asked on his death-bed who was his grandfather, replied, "The Lord No Zoo." 1.
  5. A grandnephew of old Martin, "very dark and very hairy." 4, 54.
  6. Mrs. Spottletoe (q.v.), once Martin's favourite niece.
  7. Chevy Slyme (q.v.), a nephew.

  CHUZZLEWIT, ANTHONY. A brother of old Martin and father of Jonas, a Manchester warehouseman, who lived in a very narrow street behind the Post Office (probably Foster Lane). Accompanied by Jonas he attended the family party held in Pecksniff's house when old Martin was lying sick, and on that occasion, to his unfading satisfaction, called Pecksniff a hypocrite. Later he summoned Pecksniff to London in order to arrange a match between Jonas and one of his cousins, but before he could come to any definite terms with Pecksniff he died. Chuzzlewit, 4, 8, 11, 18, 19, 48, 51.

  CHUZZLEWIT, JONAS. The only son of Anthony, with "all the inclination to be a profligate of the first water. He only lacked the one good trait in the common catalogue of debauched vices — open-handedness — to be a notable vagabond." Impatient at his father's longevity and for the sake of his insurance money, Jonas tried to poison the old man and, as he thought, succeeded. But Anthony's death was from grief at finding out his son's plot. Soon after his father's death Jonas married Mercy Pecksniff, whose spirit he broke by cruelty and neglect. After entering the bogus insurance business run by Tigg, his designs on his father were discovered by Nadgett, and Jonas was compelled, by the threat of exposure, to plunge deeper into Tigg's dishonest schemes. Goaded to despair, Jonas finally murdered him, the crime was discovered by Nadgett and Jonas was arrested, but eluded justice by poisoning himself. The original of this character was Thomas Griffiths Wainewright, art critic and author, who poisoned his wife's father and sister for the sake of their insurance money. He was never brought to justice for these crimes, to which he confessed, but was transported in 1838 on a charge of forgery, and died in Hobart in 1852. Chuzzlewit, 4, 8, 11, 18-20, 24-8, 38, 40-4, 46-8, 51.

  CHUZZLEWIT, MARTIN, THE ELDER. A rich and suspicious old man who distrusted all his family and quarrelled with his grandson, the younger Martin. He adopted a girl, Mary Graham, and thereby aroused the anger of the whole family, who thought she had designs on his money. After his grandson had gone to America, Martin went to live with Pecksniff and deliberately lured that individual into thinking that he was to receive a handsome inheritance. When Tom Pinch was turned away by Pecksniff, Martin secretly helped him by giving him employment in the Temple; finally, when his grandson had returned, improved by his hardships in America, the elder Martin had a great day of reckoning, when Pecksniff was degraded and young Martin and Mary were given to each other. Chuzzlewit, 3, 4, 6, 10, 14, 24, 30, 31, 43, 44, 50-4.

  CHUZZLEWIT, MARTIN, THE YOUNGER. The character after whom the novel is named, and an unlovable, selfish young man who, even when improved by hardship, awakens little interest or sympathy from the reader. Having fallen in love with Mary Graham, and on that account being turned out of the house by his grandfather, Martin went to Pecksniff as a pupil, but at a suggestion from the old man, was ejected thence with contumely. After suffering poverty in London young Martin met Mark Tapley, and they both went to America, where Martin was beguiled into purchasing a worthless estate in Eden (probably Cairo, Ill.). There they suffered many hardships, culminating in fever, but they contrived to get back to New York, whence Mark Tapley worked a passage for both of them to England. On the final exposure of Pecksniff, Martin was reinstated in his grandfather's favour and married Mary Graham. Chuzzlewit, 2, 5-7, 10, 12-17, 21-3, 31, 33-4, 43, 48-50, 52, 63.

  CICERO. A negro truckman who had bought his own liberty and was saving up to buy that of his daughter. Chuzzlewit, 17.

  CICERO. Mrs. Blimber used to say that, if she could have known Cicero she thought she could have died contented. Dombey, 11, 24, 60.

  CIDER CELLARS. This haunt of the "salaried law clerk" . . . was on the south side of Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, a little to the west of the present Catholic Church of Corpus Christi. It was a place of low repute, being conducted somewhat on the lines of the old Coal Hole. Pickwick, 31.

  CIRCUMLOCUTION OFFICE. An admirable satire on the dilatory and red-tape. bound methods of government. It was "the most important department under Government . . . no public business of any kind could possibly be done at any time without the acquiescence of the Circumlocution Office. Whatever was required to be done, the Circumlocution Office was beforehand with all the public departments in the art of perceiving — How Not to Do It." Dorrit, I, 10, 34; II, 28.

  CITY ROAD. Described in 1831 as a wide and handsome thoroughfare; the City Road was far from being the acme of desolation that it has now become, when Mr. Micawber honoured it with his residence. Windsor Terrace (q.v.), where he was living when David first lodged with him, is on the right hand side, beyond St. Luke's Workhouse. Copperfield, 11.

  CITY THEATRE. The City of London Theatre was in Norton Folgate, and from its location may be imagined the character of its patrons. There it was that Messrs. Smithers and Potter created such a disturbance. Boz, Characters, 11.

  CLAPHAM. In the early years of the nineteenth century Clapham Rise was famous for its "seminaries" for young ladies, but it was also a favourite habitat of the well-to-do City man, such as Mr. Gattleton, who lived at Rose Villa (Boz, Tales, Porter). Less aristocratic was the residence of the cook's sister in the Haunted House, though her address of 2 Tuppinstock's Gardens, Liggs's Walk, Clapham Rise, is not to be found in Kelly (The Haunted House). In the Clapham Road lived the Poor Relation, who passed some sad reflections on the place. Reprinted, Poor Relations Story.

  CLARE, ADA. A ward in Chancery who was committed to the guardianship of Mr. John Jarndyce, Esther Summerson being adopted by that gentleman as her companion. Ada was "a beautiful girl with such rich golden hair, such soft blue eyes, and such a bright innocent trusting face," that her cousin and fellow-ward, Richard Carstone, fell in love with her immediately. She was constantly troubled about her lover's restlessness, but she would not allow him to shake her loyalty and trust in her guardian. When, at last overcome with worry and disappointment, Richard fell ill in his chambers, Ada married him, and went to take care of him, and there he died in her arms. With her baby boy she was provided for by her cousin and guardian, John Jarndyce. Ada Clare is one of the Maria Hogarth heroines. Bleak House, 1, 3-6, 8, 9, 13-15, 17, 18, 23, 24, 30, 31, 35-7, 43, 46, 50, 51, 59-62, 64, 65, 67.

  CLARE MARKET. Although there is still a street bearing this name, between the Law Courts and Kingsway, the old Clare Market was demolished when Kingsway and the Aldwych were made, 1899-1905. The site of the market, in the midst of disreputable slums, was approximately the lower end of Kingsway. The reconstruction of all that district of London makes it difficult to designate the actual sites of many old places. Boz remarks that the ginshops of Clare Market were among the handsomest in London (Boz, Scenes, 22). The Magpie and Stump, favourite resort of Lowten and other legal lights, was in the vicinity of the Market. There was never a tavern of that name in Clare Market, but the original was probably the Old Black Jack, or the George the Fourth, both of which were in Portugal Street. Pickwick, 20.

  CLARK. 1. Betsy, a housemaid. Boz, Scenes, 1.
  2. A stout man in a wharfinger's office, who, when Florence Dombey was lost, gave her into the charge of Walter Gay. Dombey, 6.
  3. Mrs. Clark was a lady to whom the registry office sent Madeleine Bray — "she'll have a nice life of it if she goes there," remarked the proprietress. Nickleby, 16.

  CLARKE, SUSAN. The widow whom Mr. Weller Senior was inveigled into marrying by the touts at Doctors' Commons. See Weller, Mrs. Pickwick, 10.

  CLARKSON. The counsel for some thieves arrested by Sergeant Mith. Mr. Clarkson was a very well-known barrister at the Old Bailey in the 40's and 50's. Reprinted, Detective Police.

  CLARRIKER. A shipping broker introduced by Wemmick to Pip, who purchased a partnership in the business for Herbert Pocket. Eventually Pip himself obtained employment in the firm. Expectations, 37, 52, 68.

  CLATFORD. See Inn (1).

  CLATTER, DR. One of Our Bore's medical men. Reprinted, Our Bore.

  CLAYPOLE, NOAH. "A large-headed small-eyed youth of lumbering make and heavy countenance," who was Sowerberry's assistant and neglected no opportunity of bullying Oliver Twist. Accompanied by Charlotte he made his way to London, having previously emptied his master's till, and there fell into the hands of Fagin, assuming the name of Morris Bolter. Fagin set him to spy on Nancy, after whose murder Noah turned evidence against the Jew. He finally set up on his own account as an informer. Twist, 5-7, 27, 42, 43, 45-7, 53.

  CLEAVER, FANNY. This was the real name of the little doll's dressmaker, always known as Jenny Wren. (q.v.)

  CLEM, OLD. St. Clement is the patron saint of blacksmiths, his festival being on the 23rd November. The song of Old Clem which Pip records has not been traced, though there were many similar chants sung by smiths at their work. Expectations, 12.

  CLENNAM. Arthur, was the adopted son of Mrs. Clennam. On his return from China, where he had buried his father, he met Little Dorrit at his mother's house and immediately took an interest in her and her imprisoned father. His enquiries into their affairs brought him into contact with Flora Finching, whom he had loved as a young man. Despite her garrulity and inconsequence Flora proved a true and loyal friend, and at Arthur's request gave employment to Little Dorrit. Entering into partnership with Daniel Doyce, Arthur unwisely embarked all the firm's money in one of Merdle's ventures, and on that rogue's bankruptcy and suicide found himself ruined and became a prisoner in the Marshalsea. While lying there ill he was lovingly tended by Little Dorrit, herself ruined in the Merdle crash. Arthur was eventually released through Doyce and married Little Dorrit. Dorrit, I, 2, 3, 5, 7-10, 12-17, 22-8, 31-6; II, 3, 4, 8-11, 13, 17, 20, 22, 23, 26-34.
  Mrs. Clennam was an austere woman, for many years confined to her bedroom. "She was always balancing her bargain with the Majesty of Heaven; posting up the entries to her credit; strictly keeping her set off; and claiming her due." In her youth she had married Arthur's father, only to discover that he had a liaison. Mrs. Clennam forced his mistress to give up her child, which was brought up, coldly and sternly, as her own. On the death of Gilbert Clennam, her husband's uncle, a codicil was found to his will bequeathing a thousand guineas to Frederick Dorrit, or his youngest niece. The suppression of this codicil forms the theme for the part Mrs. Clennam plays in the story. Obtaining the incriminating papers through some underhand means, Rigaud attempted to blackmail her. After a final interview with him she took the papers to Little Dorrit. The two women then made their way back, arriving in time to see the old Clennam house collapse, killing Rigaud in its fall. Dorrit, I, 3-6, 8, 14, 15, 29, 30; II, 10, 17, 20, 23, 28, 30, 31.

  CLEOPATRA. This was the name given by her admirers to Mrs. Skewton (q.v.) on account of a published sketch of herself which had appeared some fifty years before, bearing the name of Cleopatra. Dombey, 21.

  CLERGYMAN. 1. Our Curate, "a young gentleman of prepossessing appearance and fascinating manners." Boz, Our Parish, 2.
  2. The benevolent clergyman of Dingley Dell, who recited the poem of "The Ivy Green" and told the tale of the Convict's Return. Pickwick, 6, 18, 28.
  3. The clergyman of the parish where Little Nell and her grandfather finally settled and died. Curiosity Shop, 52, 73.
  4. The gentleman who attended Mr. Nickleby's death-bed. Nickleby, 1.
  5. "A mild-looking young curate, obviously afraid of the baby," who christened Paul Dombey. Dombey, 5.

  CLERKENWELL. There is a good description of the district, when it was little more than a suburb, in Barnaby, for it was there that Gabriel Varden lived at the sign of the Golden Key (Barnaby, 4, 63). About the same period Mr. Jarvis Lorry lived there (Two Cities, II, 6). Phil Squod plied his tinker's trade in Clerkenwell (Bleak House, 26). Near Clerkenwell Green, which is now close to the junction of Farringdon Road and Clerkenwell Road, was the bookstall where Mr. Brownlow was standing when his pocket was picked by Charley Bates and the Artful Dodger, and it was at the same spot that Oliver Twist was later recaptured by Nancy (Twist, 1O, 15). All interest in the place must centre, however, in its association as the residence of Mr. Venus, where he carried on his grisly business with stuffed animals, birds, and "human warious." Mutual Friend, I, 7; II, 7; III, 7, 14; IV, 3, 14.

  CLEVERLY, WILLIAM AND SUSANNAH. Mormon emigrants for Salt Lake City. Uncommercial, 20.

  CLICK. 1. A friend of Tom, the pavement artist, of a theatrical turn by taste and a gas-fitter by trade. Somebody's Luggage.
  2. A slum rat of St. Giles. Reprinted, Inspector Field.

  CLICKETT. Mrs. Micawber's maid and "a dark-complexioned young woman with a habit of snorting . . . who informed me that she was a 'orfling' and came from St. Luke's Workhouse." Copperfield, 11, 12.

  CLICKIT, MR. AND MRS. Friends of the Bobtail Widgers. Sketches of Couples.

  CLIFFORD'S INN. This is the most ancient of the inns of Chancery, and though part had been demolished, the hall and several houses were still intact in 1924. The inn occurs in Mr. Bamber's reminiscences (Pickwick, 21); it was the residence of Melchisidek, the lawyer (Bleak House, 34, 47). When applying for his post as secretary to Mr. Boffin, Rokesmith took that gentleman aside out of the noise of Chancery Lane into Clifford's Inn to discuss the matter (Mutual Friend, I, 8). For six months "Tip" Dorrit worked with a solicitor there. Dorrit, I, 7.

  CLIFTON. A residential suburb of Bristol, which was considered by Ben Allen as "a nice dull place" in which to break the high spirits of his sister Arabella. She was sent to her aunt, on Clifton Downs, and there was discovered by Sam Weller through the medium of Mary, the pretty housemaid, who was in service next door. Pickwick, 38, 39.

  CLIP. A hairdresser who wanted to borrow £10 of Mr. Thicknesse. Robert Bolton.

  CLISSOLD, LAWRENCE. The clerk in Dringworth Brothers who stole five hundred pounds, and by a successful forgery contrived to put the blame on his fellow clerk, Tregarthen. Message from the Sea.

  CLIVE. A clerk at the Circumlocution Office. Dorrit, I, 10.

  CLOCKER. A grocer in the seaside resort (Folkestone) described in Reprinted, Out of the Season.

  CLOISTERHAM. The cathedral town where most of the scene of Drood is laid. It is a thinly veiled disguise for Rochester.

  CLUBBER, SIR THOMAS. The head of Chatham Dockyard. He, with his wife and daughters, were guests at the Bull Inn ball. Pickwick, 2.

  CLUPPINS, MRS. ELIZABETH. "A little, brisk, busy-looking woman" who was one of Mrs. Bardell's most intimate friends, and sister to Mrs. Raddle. Pickwick, 26, 34, 46.

  CLY, ROGER. A former servant of Charles Darnay, who gave evidence against his master at the Old Bailey. Fearing the anger of the mob he later feigned death and was given a sham burial, to the disgust of Jerry Cruncher, the Resurrection man. Proceeding to France, Cly acted as a spy and informer, and eventually found his way to the guillotine. Two Cities, II, 3, 14; III, 8, 15.

  CO, MR. Martin Chuzzlewit and Mark Tapley established themselves in Eden under the name of Chuzzlewit and Co. Mark called himself Co. and was commonly known thus to the inhabitants. Chuzzlewit, 21.

  COACH AND HORSES INN. This inn is at Isleworth, near which Bill Sikes and Oliver alighted from the cart which had brought them from Kensington. Its actual name is the Old Coach and Horses, and it stands to-day, little changed by passing years. Oliver Twist, 21.

  COACH. There were two types of fast coach on the English roads immediately previous to the introduction of railways. These were the Mail Coach and the Stage Coach. In both the body consisted of a closed carriage holding four passengers, with a fiat roof for outside seats, a front seat for the driver and two passengers and a back seat for the guard and two passengers. Each coach accommodated four inside and from ten to twelve outside passengers. At both ends were large receptacles, called boots, in which luggage and parcels were carried. Mail coaches carried the mail bags on the top of the carriage.
  Mail coaches were uniform in appearance. The lower part of the body was a chocolate or mauve in colour; the upper part and the fore and hind boots were black; the wheels and under-carriage, vivid scarlet. On the door panels were emblazoned the royal arms; on the fore boot, the royal cipher in gold; on the hind boot, the number of the vehicle; on the upper quarters, on either side of the window, were painted various devices, such as the badge of the garter, the rose, shamrock and thistle, etc.
  Stage coaches were painted in brilliant colours, and each had its own name, such as Defiance, Express, Rapid, Comet. They were labelled with the names of the principal towns they passed as well as others for which they made connection.
  The mails, subsidised by the Post Office, were obliged by contract to run to time and, travelling day and night, were the terror of smaller vehicles upon the road. Horses were changed every six or eight miles, the average speed maintained being twelve miles an hour on most roads. On its outward journey from London the Mail coach loaded passengers at its own inn early in the evening and then, with the exception of certain West Country coaches which started from the White Horse Cellar in Piccadilly (which at that time stood on the site now occupied by the Ritz Hotel), repaired to St. Martin's-le-Grand to collect the mail bags. At 8 p.m. precisely, all the mails started. "They come racing out of Lad Lane and Wood Street at twelve and fourteen miles an hour, them Mails do! The only wonder is that people ain't killed oftener by them Mails. They're a public nuisance, them Mails is." Dorrit, 13.
  In-coming mails reached London at various times of the early morning, but all had arrived by 7 a.m., except on Sundays when, there being no delivery of letters, the up coachmen usually took their own time on the journey, spending a few hours of Saturday night with any convivial whips they chanced to meet at their favourite inns.
  Stage coaches were run by private enterprise and were under no obligation to keep time. For long distances there were day and night coaches, the former starting very early in the morning and the latter late at night. The discomfort of the early morning start, together with the scene in a coach booking office, is graphically described in Boz:, Scenes, 15.
  In length of stage and average speed the stages ran much the same as the mails, but they were usually better maintained and did more to attract custom. The coachmen, originally of the Tony Weller type, latterly became ostentatious as they tried to ape the "swells" and young noblemen who took up coaching as a hobby.
  Seats by coach had to be secured several days in advance, when at least half the fare was paid, the name of the passenger being entered in a book, whence arising the term Booking Office. The fares worked out at about 5d. a mile for inside and 3d. a mile for outside passengers. Meals on the journey were taken at inns where the horses were being changed.
  Short stages, within a radius of some twenty miles of London, were performed by two horse coaches, starting from various smaller inns. They made several journeys a day and charged moderate fares.

  COACHMAN. The following are the principal members of this ancient profession who are not mentioned by name.
  1. The driver of the early coach. Boz, Scenes, 15.
  2. The friend of Mr. Whiffers, who announced that gentleman's resignation at the Bath "swarry." Pickwick, 37.
  3. Tony Weller's friends. Pickwick, 43, 55.
  4. The driver of the Yorkshire coach which took Nicholas to Dotheboys Hall. Nickleby, 5.
  5. The coachman who took David to London for the first time. Copperfield, 5.
  6. The coachmen with whom Jonas Chuzzlewit came into contact on the journey which ended in the murder of Montague. Chuzzlewit, 47.
  7. The driver of the coach which carried Charley to Yorkshire. The Holly Tree.

  COAVINSES. Described by Mr. Neckett as "a 'ouse." Coavinses was the sheriff's office in Cursitor Street by whom Neckett was employed. In his airy way Mr. Skimpole called Neckett himself, Coavinses. The original was Sloman's spunging house, 2, Cursitor Street. Bleak House, 6.

  COBB, TOM. General chandler and post office keeper at Chigwell, and one of old John Willett's cronies, "beyond all question the dullest dog in the party." Barnaby, 1, 30, 33, 54, 56, 82.

  COBBEY. One of Squeers's wretched pupils, whose pocket money of eighteenpence was appropriated by Mrs. Squeers. Nickleby, 8.

  COBBLER, THE. A prisoner in the Fleet who rented a small room in which Sam Weller hired a bed. Having been always accustomed to a four-post bed, he made up his mattress under the table, finding the legs quite as good as bed posts. Pickwick, 44.

  "COBBLER THERE WAS, A." This was a song in the 1728 edition of The Beggar's Opera, appearing also in the Fashionable Lady of 1730. It begins:—

  COBBS. The boots at the Holly Tree Inn, who told Charley the story of the elopement of Master Harry and Miss Norah. Holly Tree.

  COBBY. The giant who was partaking of a meal with the white-haired lady beneath a Kentish hedgerow. Uncommercial, 11.

  COBHAM. This Kentish village has changed little since Mr. Tupman arrived there to soothe his wounded heart in solitude. The Leather Bottle is unaltered, and proud of its Pickwickian associations, while if there are no stones of antiquarian interest in the village street, it must be because so many thousands of Pickwick devotees have ransacked the place. Pickwick, 11.

  COBOURG THEATRE. This was the original name of the Royal Victoria Hall, better known as the Old Vic. The Cobourg Theatre was built in 1817, and was so named after the Prince Regent's daughter, Princess Charlotte, who was married to Prince Leopold of Saxe-Cobourg, afterwards King of the Belgians. In 1833 the name was changed to the Victoria. Theatre, in honour of Princess Victoria, later Queen. Always a home of melodrama, it passed through many vicissitudes until 1880, when it became famous for grand opera and its Shakespeare productions. Boz, Scenes, 21. Nickleby, 30.

  COCKER, MR. INDIGNATION. This was the name given to a discontented guest at the Temeraire Inn, at Namelesston. The name is taken from Edward Cocker (1631-75), who wrote a standard arithmetic book which was so well known that "According to Cocker" became a synonym for mathematically Correct. Uncommercial, 32.

  COCK LANE GHOST. Cock Lane runs out of Snow Hill into Giltspur Street, and here it was that in 1762 occurred the famous imposture of the Cock Lane Ghost. Noises and various manifestations were reported from the house of a certain Parsons, and many famous men, including Dr. Johnson, interesting themselves in the phenomenon, watched and made careful observations. It was then discovered that a hoax had been perpetrated by the daughter Elizabeth, who moved a board concealed in her bed, and simulated various ghostly doings. Although the exposure was complete and final, many continued to believe in the supernatural cause of the noises. Nickleby, 49. Two Cities, I, 1.

  CODGER, MISS. One of the literary ladies presented to Elijah Pogram. "Codger's the lady so often mentioned in the English newspapers," whispered Mark. "The oldest inhabitant who never remembers anything." Chuzzlewit, 34.

  CODLIN, THOMAS. A Punch and Judy showman, partner of Harris, or Short, with whom Little Nell and her Grandfather travelled a short way. Codlin had a surly, grumbling manner, but he tried to insinuate himself into Nell's confidence with a view to selling her secret to anyone prepared to pay a suitable reward. Curiosity Shop,16-19, 37, 73.

  COILER, MRS. A toady neighbour of the Matthew Pockets, "who agreed with everybody, blessed everybody, shed smiles and tears on everybody, according to circumstances." Expectations, 23.

  COKETOWN. The scene of the novel Hard Times, and, there is very little doubt, a pseudonym for Manchester.

  COLDBATH FIELDS. This was one of the strictest of London prisons, and, a year before >The Prisoner's Van was written the discipline had been made yet more rigid by the introduction of compulsory silence among the prisoners. Its site is now occupied by part of the Mount Pleasant Post Office buildings. See Silent System. Boz, Scenes, 17. Characters, 12.

  COLE, KING. The father of Prince Bladud, whose story Mr. Pickwick read at Bath. Pickwick, 36.

  COLESHAW, MISS. One of the Golden Mary's passengers. Golden Mary.

  COLLEGE HORNPIPE. This is an old and well-known tune of uncertain origin, though probably dating from the early eighteenth century. Dombey, 2. Copperfield, 12.

  COLLEGIANS. Debtors in the Marshalsea prison. Dorrit, I, 19.

  COLLINS. A constable who ejected an insistent member of the public from the precincts of the House of Commons. Boz, Scenes, 18.

  "COLLINS'S ODE." Mr. Wopsle's recitation was "The Passions, an Ode for Music," by W. Collins. Expectations, 7, 13.

  COLONEL. An ex-soldier in Newgate who was awaiting execution for coining. Expectations, 32.

  COLOSSEUM. This once famous place of amusement stood at the south-east corner of Regent's Park, a few yards up from Cambridge Gate, on the site now occupied by Cambridge Terrace. Originally planned by Thomas Homer, it was designed by Decimus Burton and built in 1824. In the interior was a remarkable panorama of London, taken from the top of St. Paul's, and covering more than 46,000 sq. ft. This panorama was popular from 1829-54, though at times others were exhibited. The Colosseum also contained various collections, artistic and otherwise, and in 1844 a form of roller skating was introduced. The Colosseum ceased to be a place of amusement in 1855, and after various vicissitudes was demolished in 1875. Boz, Scenes, 12.

  COMMERCIAL ROAD. This was visited on several occasions by the Uncommercial Traveller, 3, 23, 34.

  COMPACT ENCHANTRESS. A French actress in the train to Paris. Reprinted, A Flight.

  "COMPAGNON DE LA MAJOLAINE." This is from an old French roundelay called "Le Chevalier du Guet" (police officer). It should really be "Marjolaine." Dorrit, I, 1; II, 10, 28.

  COMPEYSON. The gentlemanly scoundrel who was responsible for leading Magwitch into crime, and the man who had deserted Miss Havisham on the morning they were to have been married. He was the object of Magwitch's implacable hatred, and when the latter returned to England to see Pip, Compeyson informed against him and assisted in his capture, but at the cost of his own life, for in the desperate struggle that ensued, Magwitch drowned him. Expectations, 3, 5, 42, 45, 47, 50, 63-5.

  COMPORT, JANE. The name in a prayer book in one of the City churches. Uncommercial, 9.

  CONCIERGERIE. This is an ancient prison in Paris, situated on the island and forming part of the Palais de Justice. During the Revolution it was largely used for political prisoners, among others Danton, Robespierre and Marie Antoinette. It was in the Conciergerie that Sydney Carton substituted himself for Darnay. Two Cities, III, 13.

  CONKEY CHICKWEED. An accomplished burglar. See Chickweed.

  CONSEQUENCE. "It's of no consequence." A favourite remark of Mr. Toots. (q.v.)

  CONSTABLE'S MISCELLANY. This work was brought out by Archibald Constable, Scott's publisher, in 1827, and acquired considerable popularity. Pickwick, 42.

  CONWAY, GENERAL. The character who appears in Barnaby, 49, was Marshal Henry Seymour Conway, a distinguished soldier and politician. He was (1720-95) commander-in-chief in 1782, and was a strong opponent of the war against the American colonists.

  COOK. 1. The cook at Mr. Nupkins's house, engaged to Mr. Muzzle. Pickwick, 23, 25, 39.
  2. The buxom-looking lady who sought to console Mr. Tony Weller for the loss of his wife. Pickwick, 62.
  3. The cook at Westgate House. Pickwick, 16.
  4. Mrs. Jellyby's cook, who skirmished with the housemaid. Bleak House, 4.
  5. The Cheeryble's cook. Nickleby, 37.
  6. Mr. Dombey's cook, and leader of the kitchen society at that august house. On each succeeding event of importance she produced something special in the way of food, and incurred the special enmity of Mrs. Pipchin. Dombey, 18, 31, 36, 61, 69.
  7. Mrs. Maylie'e servant who was terror stricken at Brittles's story of the attempted burglary. Twist, 28.
  8. The cook of The Haunted House, amiable, but of a weak turn of intellect. The Haunted House.

  COOK'S COURT, CURSITOR STREET. This was the court where Snagsby kept his law stationery shop. It is a thin disguise for Took's Court, in the same street. Bleak House, 10, 16, 19, 22, 26.

  COOLING. This village, about four miles N.E. of Rochester and separated from the Thames by a long stretch of bleak marsh, was the scene of the opening chapters of Great Expectations, in which the wild loneliness of the Marshes are graphically described. Cooling churchyard is much the same as when Pip met his convict there for the first time; Joe's forge is not far distant, and the Horseshoe and Castle (Three Jolly Bargemen) is still the village house of refreshment.

  COOPER, AUGUSTUS. A young gentle man in the oil and colour line "with a little money; a little business; and a little mother" who managed him and his affairs. He succumbed to the charms of Miss Billsmethi, daughter of his dancing master, and fell an easy prey to her father who extorted £20 from him for breach of promise. Boz, Characters, 9.

  COPENHAGEN HOUSE. This was a favourite Cockney resort, being an inn and tea gardens situated among the fields which then separated Holloway from Camden Town. Copenhagen Fields were the scene of many popular demonstrations. The House was pulled down in 1853, and on its site and the adjoining fields was built the Caledonian Cattle Market, opened in 1855. Boz, Scenes, 20.

  COPPERFIELD, DAVID, is the central figure and narrator of the novel of the same name. The little boy and his widowed mother, with Clara Peggotty the nurse, were living happily together at Blunderstone in Suffolk, when Mrs. Copperfield married again. Mutual hatred between David and his step-father, Edward Murdstone, induced the latter to send him to school at Salem House, where he learned nothing, but formed a close friendship with James Steerforth. On his mother's death David was put to work in Murdstone and Grinby's wine vaults, cleaning bottles and consorting with lads of the lowest type, his existence only made bearable by the friendship of the Micawbers. At last the child ran away to his aunt, Betsey Trotwood, who adopted him, gave him a proper education and eventually articled him to a proctor of Doctors' Commons. On losing all her money his aunt came to London, and to support the house hold David learned shorthand reporting. He was by this time in love with Dora Spenlow, and soon after her father's sudden death he married her. Their life was little the less happy that Dora was impracticable and just a child wife, and when she died after little more than a year's married life, David went abroad, brokenhearted. After some time he returned to England and married his life-long friend, Agnes Wickfield. The original of David Copperfield was Dickens himself, who in the story of David's wretched boyhood depicts his own sufferings in Warren's Blacking Warehouse.
  Mrs. Clara Copperfield, David's mother, was barely twenty years of age when he was born. Her husband was double her age when they married and only lived a year afterwards. By her second marriage, to Edward Murdstone, she ruined her own happiness, was separated from her boy and soon succumbed to the cold and spirit-breaking regime of her husband and his sister. 1-4, 8, 9, 13,14.

  COPPERNOSE. A member of the Mudfog Association.

  CORNBERRY, MR. A former suitor of Miss Julia Manners. Boz, Tales, Winglebury.

  CORNEY, MRS. Matron of the workhouse where Oliver Twist was born. The locket and ring which were stolen from his mother's corpse came into her possession and she sold them to Monks, Oliver's half-brother, who was anxious to destroy all means of identifying the lad. Wooed and won by Bumble the beedle, she soon gained complete ascendency over her second husband. Finally her dealings with Monks being discovered by Mr. Brownlow, she and Bumble lost their posts and eventually became inmates of the workhouse they had once ruled. Twist, 23, 24, 27, 37, 38, 61, 63.

  CORNHILL. This thoroughfare is closely associated with Mr. Pickwick, as in Freeman's Court (now covered by the Royal Exchange) was the office of Dodson and Fogg, the rascally attorneys of Mrs. Bardell (Pickwick, 20), while the George and Vulture, although actually opening from Lombard Street, is equally accessible from Cornhill (Pickwick, 26). The secretive Nadgett, when on the track of Jonas Chuzzlewit, forsook his usual route to business by way of Cornhill (Chuzzlewit, 38). Bradley Headstone made his impassioned appeal to Lizzie Hexam in the churchyard of St. Peter, Cornhill (Mutual Friend, II, 15). Captain Ravender, when considering whether he should take command of the Golden Mary, walked up and down at the back of the Royal Exchange, occasionally looking into Cornhill (Golden Mary). On a certain fateful Christmas Eve, Bob Cratchit took a slide down that street when he left Scrooge's office for home (Christmas Carol). It was in Cornhill that the queer Bill Stickers' procession was seen (Reprinted, Bill Sticking). The Standard in Cornhill, from which distances were frequently measured, was at the junction of Cornhill, Gracechurch Street, Bishopsgate Street and Leadenhall Street.

  CORONER. The official who presided over the inquests of Nemo and Krook. "The Coroner frequents more public-houses than any man alive. The smell of sawdust, beer, tobacco-smoke, and spirits is in separable in his vocation from death in its moat awful shapes." Bleak House, 11, 33.

  COUNTESS, THE. The name by which Eliza Grimwood was usually known. See Grimwood, Eliza.

  COUNTY FIRE INSURANCE CO. This was established in 1807, and its offices, 60 Regent Street, are still (1924) one of the familiar landmarks of Piccadilly Circus. Boz, Tales, Winglebury.

  COUNTY INN. This Canterbury Inn where Mr. Dick stayed on his fortnightly visits to David Copperfield was the Royal Fountain Hotel in St. Margaret's Street. Copperfield, 17.

  COUR, CAPITAINE DE LA. Commanding officer in the French town where Langley found little Bebelle. Somebody's Luggage.

  COVENT GARDEN. There is hardly any part of London so often mentioned by Dickens, and it is only possible to name the moat frequent references. Covent Garden Market in the early morning is described in Humphrey and Boz, Scenes, 1, and a typical gin shop there in Scenes 22. The arrest and conveyance of a pickpocket from Covent Garden to Bow Street is related in Boz, Characters, 6, while it should not be forgotten that Mr. Augustus Minns lived in Tavistock Street, Covent Garden (Boz, Tales, Minns). Having summoned Mr. Perker to attend Mr. Pickwick with a view to liberating that gentleman from the Fleet, Job Trotter betook himself to Covent Garden to spend the night in a vegetable basket (Pickwick, 47). Little David Copperfield used to wander about there of an evening looking at the pine apples (Copperfield, 12). Later, on arriving in town as a young man, he spent his first night at the Covent Garden Theatre (19), and when giving his first dinner party went thither in search of dessert (24). There, too, Tom Pinch and Ruth had many a pleasant stroll (Chuzzlewit, 40). Herbert Pocket, as a fit welcome to Pip, had bought a little fruit at the Garden (Expectations, 21). It was at an hotel there (the Hummums) that the Finches of the Grove "spent their money foolishly" on dining together (34), while, when warned by Wemmick to keep away from his chambers in the Temple, Pip spent the night in the same hotel (45). In a doorway in Covent Garden Market Mr. Dolls was attacked with his last fit of the horrors and, pelted by the urchins of the place, made his way thence to the Temple (Mutual Friend, IV, 9). Arthur Clennam was lodging in Covent Garden when Little Dorrit and Maggie went to see him (Dorrit, I, 13, 14). The Uncommercial Traveller also had rooms in Covent Garden (1), and in Chapter 13 he describes the children who prowl about among the market refuse.

  COVENTRY. On his return from the fruitless visit to Mr. Winkle, Senior, Mr. Pickwick and his companions changed horses at Coventry in a deluge of rain (Pickwick, 51). It is probable that Coventry was the scene of Mrs. Jarley's exhibition immediately after she met Nell, and consequently the place where the child was terrified by a sight of Quilp. Curiosity Shop, 27, 28.

  COWER. Mr. Joseph Tuggs's solicitor, in the Temple, whose clerk brought tidings of the inheritance. Boz, Tales, Turns.

  CRACKIT, TOBY. One of Fagin's gang of thieves and accomplice of Bill Sikes in the attempt to break into Mrs. Maylie's house. He occupied a rickety old house on Jacob's Island, to which Sikes was finally tracked by his pursuers. Twist, 19, 22, 25, 26, 28, 39, 50.

  CRADDOCK. MRS. Landlady of the house in Royal Crescent, Bath, where the Pickwickians and Dowlers took lodgings. Pickwick, 36, 37.

  CRAGGS, THOMAS. One of the partners of Snitchey and Craggs, Dr. Jeddler's solicitors. He was "a cold, hard, dry man, dressed in grey, and white, like a flint; with small twinkles in his eyes as if something struck sparks out of them." He was reticent and usually left the conversation to his partner, who expressed the opinion of "self and Craggs." Battle of Life.

  CRATCHIT. Bob, the father of the family, was Scrooge's clerk, who, with his meagre pay of fifteen shillings a week, lived in a four-roomed house in Camden Town. Amidst all his poverty and troubles he was happy and cheerful, and was one of the first to benefit by Scrooge's change of spirit. The same happiness and content were found in his wife and daughters, Martha and Belinda, and their brother Peter, but the main interest of the story conjured up for Scrooge by the Christmas spirits centres round the cripple child, Tiny Tim, the idea of whose death created a tenderness which softened Scrooge's heart. Christmas Carol.

  CRAVAT. This was the term formerly applied to a necktie, and took its name from the wrap or scarf worn by a regiment of Croats quartered in Paris in 1636. The Parisians adopted the mode and the fashion passed over to England. The original manner of tying was in a bow, with long ends, but various fashions have been prevalent at different times.

  CRAWLEY. A visitor at the Bath Assembly Rooms, whose father had eight hundred a year. Pickwick, 35.

  CREAKLE. The headmaster of Salem House. "I should think there can never have been a man who enjoyed his profession more. He had a delight in cutting at the boys . . . I am confident that he couldn't resist a chubby boy especially . . . I was chubby myself and ought to know." He kept his wife and daughter in a state of terror, and only respected Jame, Steerforth, at whose instance he dismissed the usher, Mr. Mell. In his later years Creakle became a Middlesex magistrate. The original of Creakle was William Jones, headmaster of Wellington House Academy, at the corner of Hampstead and Granby Street, Camden Town, which Dickens attended from 1824-6. The same school is described in Reprinted, Our School. The greater part of the school house was demolished in 1835. Copperfield, 5-7, 9, 13, 27, 61.

  CREWLER, SOPHY. Fiancée of Thomas Traddles and "the dearest girl in the world." She was the daughter of an ill-paid country curate, the Rev. Horace Crawler, whose household consisted of himself; his invalid wife; his eldest daughter, a beauty; Sarah, weak in the spine; Louisa, Margaret, and Lucy. They were all mothered and cared for by Sophy. After a long engagement she and Traddles were married "on a Britannia metal footing," the silver to follow with his rise in the profession. Copperfield, 27, 28, 34, 41, 43, 59, 61, 64.

  CRIBB, TOM. A champion English pugilist (1781-1848) who was only once beaten — by George Nicholls in July, 1809. He beat Jem Belcher, February 1, 1809, and held the championship until his death, May 11, 1848. Chuzzlewit, 9.

  CRICKET ON THE HEARTH, THE. This was one of the most successful of the Christmas Books, and appeared in 1845. It was dedicated to Lord Jeffrey and illustrated by Maclise, Doyle, Leech, Stanfield and Landseer. It later formed a popular"reading," and was translated into almost every European language.
  Principal Characters. John Peerybingle, a carrier, and his wife Dot; Caleb Plummer, a toymaker, and his blind daughter Bertha; Edward Plummer, Caleb's son, and his fiancée May Fielding; Tackleton, the toy merchant.
  Edward Plummer, who has been away to the Golden South Americas, is returning to claim his bride, May Fielding, when he hears that she is about to marry Tackleton, the surly old toy merchant. Upon this Edward disguises himself as an old man and comes to stay with the Peerybingles. Dot Peerybingle soon penetrates his disguise, but keeps the secret from her husband, who is much concerned to find her carrying on furtive conversations with a stranger. Dot sees this, but though it nearly breaks her heart to realise that her husband is mistrusting her, does not set him right until she has brought Edward Plummer and May Fielding together again.
  Another interest of the story lies in Caleb Plummer and his blind daughter. Caleb has never told Bertha of their poverty. She "never knew that ceilings were discoloured, walls blotched and bare of plaster . . . that sorrow and faint-heartedness were in the house; that Caleb's scanty hairs were turning greyer and more grey before her sightless eyes. She never knew they had a master — cold, exacting and uninterested — that Tackleton was Tackleton, in short," and so she grows to love the ideal master whom Caleb describes as the Guardian Angel of their lives. When the truth is told her, and she realises that the master whom she idolises is a heartless boor, she turns to her father with renewed love and thankfulness for his innocent deceit.

  CRIMPLE, DAVID. Originally a pawn broker's clerk (when his name was Crimp), be became Secretary and resident Director of Tigg Montague's bogus insurance company. In the general confusion which followed the murder of Montague, Crimple and the porter Bullamy made off with all the available funds. Chu zzleu1it, 1 3, 27, 28, 49, 51.

  CRINKLES. Member of the Mudfog Association and inventor of a pocket-picking contrivance.

  CRIPPLE CORNER. The courtyard in which was situated Wilding's house, office and warehouse. "All Cripple Corner belonged to Wilding and Co., Wine merchants. Their cellars burrowed under it, their mansions towered over it." No Thoroughfare.

  CRIPPLER, THE. Captain Swosser's vessel, on the quarter-deck of which he fell in love with (the future) Mrs. Bayham Badger. Bleak House, 13.

  CRIPPLES. Proprietor of a night school, above which lived Frederick Dorrit and his niece Fanny. Dorrit, I, 9.

  CRIPPS, TOM. Errand boy to the firm of Sawyer, late Nockemorf, whose principal duty was to leave bottles of medicine at the wrong addresses. Pickwick, 38, 48, 50.

  CRISPARKLE, REV. SEPTIMUS. A minor canon of Cloisterham, "fair, rosy . . . an early riser, musical, cheerful, classical, kind, good-natured, social, contented, and boy. like." He lived with his old mother — a pretty old lady whose "dress is as the dress of a china shepherdess, so dainty in its colours." The Reverend Septimus took in Neville Landless as a pupil and did his utmost to tame that lad's wild spirit. He was thoroughly perturbed at the disappearance of Edwin Drood, but was convinced of the innocence of Neville and took counsel with Mr. Grewgious bow they might clear him of suspicion. Drood, 2, 6-8, 10, 12-17, 19, 21-3.

  CROCKFORD'S. This gaming house in St. James's Street (now the Devonshire Club) was notorious in the early nineteenth century for the high play which was there carried on. It was closed in 1844. Nickleby, 2.

  CROFT'S. The young barber who shaved old Mr. Harvey. Sketches of Couples (Old Couple).

  CROOKEY. The waiter at Namby's lock-up house in Bell Yard, "he looked something between a bankrupt grazier and a drover in a state of insolvency." Pickwick, 40.

  CROPLEY. MISS, of Exeter, was a friend of Mrs. Nickleby, whose brother had a place at Court. Nickleby, 33.

  CROSS KEYS INN. WOOD STREET. This was a well-known inn whence coaches for many parts started, among others those for Rochester (Expectations, 20. Uncommercial, 12). The inn was on the left-hand side from Cheapside, on the site now occupied by Nos. 129/130 Wood Street.

  CROWL. "A hard-featured, square-faced man, elderly and shabby" and incredibly selfish, who occupied the next lodging to Newman Noggs. Nickleby, 14, 15, 32.

  CROWN INN. 1. There was an inn of this name at Muggleton, where Mr. Jingle stayed. Pickwick, 7.
  2. The Miss Ivinses were persuaded to taste some shrub at the Crown, Pentonville. Boz, Characters, 4.
  3. The Crown, at the corner of Silver Street and James's Street, Golden Square, was a favourite resort of Newman Noggs. These streets are now called Beak Street and Upper James Street respectively, and a new Crown occupies the site of the old tavern. Nickleby, 7.

  CROZIER INN. CLOISTERHAM. This was the inn where Mr. Datchery put up on his arrival at the cathedral city. It is another name for the Crown Inn, Rochester, the same house as that patronised by Mr. Jingle under the name of Wright's. It was at one time called Wright's, after its proprietor. The house was rebuilt in 1864. Drood, 18.

  CRUMMLES. Vincent Crummles was manager of a touring theatrical company, "He had a very full underlip, a hoarse voice, as though he were in the habit of shouting very much, and very short black hair, shaved off nearly to the crown of his head — to admit (as Nicholas afterwards learnt) of his more easily wearing character wigs of any shape or pattern." During his stay with the actors, Nicholas received great kindness of the heavy father sort from Vincent Crummles, and some time afterwards was privileged to attend a farewell dinner to the family on their departure for America. Mrs. Crummles, "a stout portly female, apparently between forty and fifty," was a woman of great genius and had originally won Mr. Crummles's heart in a piece in which she "stood upon her head on the butt end of a spear, surrounded by blazing fireworks." Ninetta Crummles, better known as the Infant Phenomenon, the daughter had been ten years of age for the last five years. She was "a little girl in a dirty white frock, with tucks up to the knees, short trousers, sandalled shoes, white spencer, pink gauze bonnet, green veil and curl papers." She was the star of every piece the Crummles produced. The family was completed by Percy and Charles, the Phenomenon's two brothers. Nickleby, 22-5, 29, 30, 48.

  CRUMPTON, THE MISSES. Amelia and Mory by name, they kept a ladies' seminary at Minerva House, Hammersmith, to which Miss Lavinia Brook Dingwall was sent to "finish," and from which she eloped with Theodosius Butler. Boz, Tales, Sentiment.

  CRUNCHER, JERRY. Outdoor messenger of Tellson's Bank and a Resurrection Man, in which capacity ho took an unholy interest in funerals. This midnight work aroused the curiosity of his son, Young Jerry, but caused the utmost horror and detestation in his wife, "a woman of orderly and industrious appearance," whose piety was a constant source of annoyance to her husband. "You're a nice woman! What do you mean by flopping yourself down and praying agin me? I won't put up with it, Aggerawayter." He accompanied Mr. Lorry and Miss Pross to Paris during the height of the Terror, and there gained such a horror of death and murder that he resolved to forswear the Resurrectionist business and treat his wife properly in future. Two Cities, I, 2, 3; II, 1-3, 14, 24; III, 3, 7-9, 14.

  CRUPP, MRS. Landlady of the rooms where David Copperfield set up as a bachelor. She was "a short lady with a flounce of flannel petticoat below a nankeen gown. . . . Mrs. Crupp expressly intimated that she should always yearn towards me as a son . . . and said, 'thank Heaven she had now found summun she could care for.'" A martyr to a peculiar disorder called "the spazzums," she helped herself liberally to David's spirits, and deeply resented the arrival of Peggotty. She was eventually routed by Miss Betsy Trotwood, when that lady went to live with David. Mrs. Crupp's house, since demolished, was York House, No. 16 Buckingham Street, Adelphi, where Dickens himself lodged in 1834. Copperfield, 23-6, 28, 34, 36, 37, 44.

  CRUSHTON, THE HON. MR. The bosom friend of Lord Mutanhed, who accompanied him to Bath. Pickwick, 36, 36.

  CUMMINS, TOM. The gentleman in the chair at a convivial evening spent by one of Dodson and Fogg's clerks. Pickwick, 20.

  CUNNING. One of Miss Flite's captive birds. Bleak House, 14.

  CUPIDON. Fanciful name given by Lady Tippins to her ledger of lovers. Mut. Fr. I, 2.

  CURDLE, MR. AND MRS. Dramatic patrons of Portsmouth who gave their support to Miss Snevellicci's benefit. Mr. Curdle had written a pamphlet of sixty-four pages on the character of the Nurse's deceased husband in Romeo and Juliet. Nickleby, 24.

  CURSITOR STREET. In this street was the residence of Mr. John Dounce, the susceptible glove and braces maker (Boz, Characters, 7). The lock-up establishment of Mr. Solomon Jacobs, where Watkins Tattle was detained (Boz, Tales, Tottle) was the same as Coavinses Castle in Bleak House, 16, and both were in reality Sloman's spunging house, No. 2 Cursitor Street. Out of this street was Cook's Court (q.v.), where Mr. Snagsby lived.

  CURZON, THOMAS. Hozier at the sign of the Golden Fleece, Aldgate, and master of Mark Gilbert, initiate of the Prentice Knights. Barnaby, 8.

  CUTE, ALDERMAN. A magistrate who was determined to "put down" any nonsense on the part of the poor, such as the nonsense talked about want, and the cant about starvation. Poverty, sick persons and young children, were all to be put down, and there was to be no more nonsense of suicide. The character was founded on Sir Peter Laurie, a prominent City alderman, Lord Mayor, 1832-3, and a very zealous magistrate. Like Alderman Cute, he was determined to "put down" suicide. Chimes.

  CUTLER, MR. AND MRS. Friends and neighbours of the Kenwigses. Nickleby, 14.

  CUTTLE, CAPTAIN EDWARD. "A gentleman in a wide suit of blue, with a hook instead of a hand attached to his right wrist; very bushy black eyebrows; and a very thick stick in his left hand, covered all over, like his nose, with knobs." A retired pilot-skipper, he was a friend of Sol Gills, and when that old man departed in search of Walter Gay, Cuttle made a valiant escape from his landlady, Mrs. Macstinger, and took charge of the Wooden Midshipman. He was there when Florence Dombey ran away from her father, and took care of her until Walter Gay returned. Finally, with the reappearance of Sol Gills, Captain Cuttle became his partner in the instrument business. His sailor simplicity and childlike credulity make Cuttle one of the most lovable characters Dickens ever drew, while some of his quaint sayings have become proverbial. Of these the most famous is, "When found, make a note of." Dombey, 4, 9, 10, 16, 17, 19, 23, 25, 31, 32, 38, 39, 48-60, 66, 67, 60, 62.

[Further entries will appear.]